Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) with concurrent growth hormone deficiency and response to therapy.

A toddler presented with failure to thrive and dysmorphic features since birth. On examination, she was found to have a cleft lip, syndactyly, hypopigmented patchy skin lesions and patchy alopecia. The baseline haematological evaluation was normal.

Global Warming and Endocrinology: The Hyderabad Declaration of the South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies.

Global warming and endocrine disorders are intertwined issues posing significant challenges. Greenhouse gases emanating from human activities drive global warming, leading to temperature rise and altered weather patterns. South Asia has experienced a noticeable temperature surge over the past century.

A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health issue with 50 million diabetics currently residing in India. Hyperglycemia causes tissue damage due to mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown a decrease in oxidative stress by either amelioration of free-radical generation or potentiation of cellular antioxidative capacity in preclinical studies.

Orforglipron, a novel non-peptide oral daily glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist as an anti-obesity medicine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Orforglipron is a novel once-daily oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with several recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating its role in diabetes and obesity. No meta-analysis has analyzed the efficacy and safety of orforglipron; this meta-analysis aimed to address this knowledge gap.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases to identify RCTs that included individuals with obesity who were administered orforglipron and compared to either a placebo or an active comparator.

46,XX disorder of sex development associated with skin abnormalities due to homozygous R-Spondin 1 loss of function mutation.

A child, who was reared as male, presented in his early childhood to the endocrine clinic with penoscrotal hypospadias which was noticed at birth. On examination, he had both gonads in the scrotal sacs with complete scrotal fusion, rugosities and chordee with a single opening. He had increased palmoplantar skin desquamation.

Role of novel sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor enavogliflozin in type-2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Enavogliflozin is a novel sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) developed in South Korea. This meta-analysis was done as no meta-analysis has analysed the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin in type-2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: Electronic databases were systematically reviewed for randomized controlled trials having patients with T2DM receiving enavogliflozin in treatment-arm, and placebo/any other medicine in control-arm.

Diabetes and severe COVID-19 infection: Connecting the dots.

Diabetes is a significant risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, poor prognosis, and mortality. Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is associated with impaired innate and adaptive immunity predisposing to severe infection. In addition, there are other mechanisms linked to diabetes such as the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor that might aid in viral entry and spread.

A study to evaluate the knowledge, vaccination status and acceptance of adult vaccinations against respiratory infections in patients with type 2 diabetes in South India.

Introduction: Respiratory infections like influenza and pneumococcus increase mortality, morbidity, hospitalisation risks and healthcare costs in people with type 2 diabetes which can be prevented by vaccinations. However, there is not much data regarding how many people with type 2 diabetes in India receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2022 to May 2022 at a tertiary care centre in South India.

Barophenotypic Characterization - The key to Person Centric Management of Obesity.

Obesity is now recognized as a chronic disease by many international medical societies. However, its comprehensive assessment is still a challenge in most clinical settings. This paper describes a novel practical approach to assess the barophenotype of a given individual.

Quantifying Remission Probability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disorder and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The concept of T2DM remission and the reversal of diabetic parameters to normal levels has been gaining momentum over the past years. T2DM remission is increasingly being recognized by various global guidelines.

Acute Neuroendocrine Profile in Predicting Outcomes in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Background: Pituitary dysfunction following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is significant and may be correlated with the outcomes.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the early changes in pituitary hormone levels after sTBI and to correlate with outcomes in terms of severity and mortality.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, involving consecutive patients of 16-60 years, with sTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale GCS < 9) presenting to the hospital within 24 h of trauma.

A Rare Complication of Pituitary Adenoma Surgery in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 Syndrome with Two Novel Genetic Mutations.

Pituitary adenoma surgeries are common in neurosurgical setup. Majority are tackled by a transsphenoidal route either by endoscopic or microscopic aid. Complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, diabetes insipidus, hematoma, and loss of vision are known, but midbrain infarct is rarely reported.

Recurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Extreme Insulin Resistance Due to Anti-Insulin Antibodies: Response to Immunosuppression and Plasma Exchange.

Anti-insulin antibodies (IAs) in patients with insulin-treated diabetes, though common, correlate poorly with glycemic control, insulin requirement, and insulin resistance. We are hereby reporting the clinical course and challenges in the management of a 70-year-old man who had severe insulin resistance as evidenced by recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis and poor glycemic control despite treatment with >9 U of insulin/kg body weight per day. He was found to have anti-IAs and responded clinically to plasmapheresis and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone.

Prevalence of End-Organ Damage, Beta Cell Reserve, and Exocrine Pancreas Defect in Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes: An Eastern India Perspective.

Background: Data on prevalence and burden of end-organ damage in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) from eastern India is scant. This study investigated the burden of end-organ damage and exocrine pancreatic defect in FCPD patients in Eastern India.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive FCPD patients underwent evaluation of glycemic control, C-peptide, fecal elastase, body fat percent, tests for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy which were compared with data from type-1 diabetes (T1DM) and type-2 diabetes (T2DM).

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in an Affluent School in Telangana Using the Recent IAP Growth Chart: A Pilot Study.

Aims And Objectives: To study the prevalence of obesity in children in an affluent school in Hyderabad, Telangana, using the recent Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) growth charts and to compare the same with the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) charts.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an affluent school of Hyderabad in January 2018. After getting appropriate permission, anthropometry measurements of the school children were done.

A walk to remember: Endocrine Society of India Torrent Young Scholar Award East Zonal round 2015.

This letter aims to bring out a few highlights and the experiences of the participants, audience, quizmasters, and the judges at Endocrine Society of India Torrent Young Scholar Award East Zonal round 2015 held in Kolkata on 6(th) September, 2015.

Oncogenic osteomalacia caused by occult nasal mesenchymal tumor: a monster in the cave.

Authors describe a case of oncogenic osteomalacia in a 35-year-old man, who presented with a 2-year history of generalized pain and progressive weakness of lower limbs, eventually became bedbound. At admission, he had severe hip pain resulting from bilateral femoral neck fractures. Laboratory investigations revealed hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, normocalcemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal serum levels of parathormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Testosterone levels and type 2 diabetes in men: current knowledge and clinical implications.

The relationship between testosterone and diabetes is an important issue, given the fact that diabetes is becoming a fast-growing epidemic, the morbidity associated with which is more disabling than the disease itself. Various studies have demonstrated the increasing prevalence of hypogonadism in diabetic subjects, but whether this is a cause or effect is still an area of active research. The past couple of decades have witnessed an increasing rate of testosterone prescriptions, even though the relationship between testosterone therapy and cardiovascular effects is still not conclusive.

Pituitary dysfunction in infective brain diseases.

Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are increasingly being recognized as important causes of hypopituitarism. Although tuberculosis is the most common agent involved, non-mycobacterial agents like viruses, bacteria, fungus, and protozoa are important causes in our country. Involvement post infections could be due to a strategically located tuberculoma, or pituitary abscess, or meningoencephalitis.