Neurofilament light in plasma is a potential biomarker of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP) are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is part of the neuronal cytoskeleton.

Neurofilament light is a biomarker of brain involvement in lupus and primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Background: To test the hypothesis that neurofilament light (NfL) in CSF is a biomarker of CNS involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), we measured NfL in CSF from 52 patients with lupus and 54 with pSS and explored associations with clinical, structural, immunological and biochemical abnormalities.

Methods: In CSF, we measured NfL, anti-P antibodies, protein S100B and TWEAK by ELISA and anti-NR2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence. Anti-phospholipid antibodies and routine immunological tests were performed in blood.

Considerably Lower Levels of Hypocretin-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Revealed by a Novel Mass Spectrometry Method Compared with Standard Radioimmunoassay.

Low levels of hypocretin-1 (Hcrt1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Although immunoassays are prone to antibody batch differences, detection methods and variation between laboratories, the standard method for Hcrt1 measurement is a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an antibody- and radioactive free alternative for precise measurement of Hcrt1.

Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A proteomic pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid.

Objectives: Fatigue is a frequent and often disabling phenomenon that occurs in patients with chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases, and the underlying biological mechanisms are largely unknown. Because fatigue is generated in the brain, we aimed to investigate cerebrospinal fluid and search for molecules that participate in the pathophysiology of fatigue processes.

Methods: A label-free shotgun proteomics approach was applied to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of 20 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Interleukin-1-related activity and hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid contribute to fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Background: Fatigue is a common and sometimes debilitating phenomenon in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and other chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate how IL-1 β-related molecules and the neuropeptide hypocretin-1 (Hcrt1), a regulator of wakefulness, influence fatigue.

Methods: Hcrt1 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 49 patients with pSS.

Severe headache in primary Sjögren's syndrome treated with intrathecal rituximab.

A severe and persistent migrainous headache in a patient with primary Sjøgren's syndrome unresponsive to treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, triptans, opioids, and NSAIDs, responded successfully to intrathecal B-cell depletion with rituximab. We hypothesize that brain-resident autoreactive B cells were involved in headache pathogenesis and were eliminated by this procedure.

A rapid method for preparation of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome is of great interest for investigation of diseases and conditions involving the CNS. However, the presence of high-abundance proteins (HAPs) can interfere with the detection of low-abundance proteins, potentially hindering the discovery of new biomarkers. Therefore, an assessment of the CSF subproteome composition requires depletion strategies.

Association of hippocampal atrophy with cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against the NR2 subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is common in both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Antibodies against the NR2 subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NR2 antibodies) cause hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment in mice and have been associated with memory impairment in both patients with SLE and patients with primary SS. In addition, a reduced volume of hippocampal gray matter has been demonstrated in both SLE and primary SS.

Memory dysfunction in primary Sjögren's syndrome is associated with anti-NR2 antibodies.

Objective: Our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is incomplete. In systemic lupus erythematosus, it has been reported that antibodies directed against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype NR2 (anti-NR2) interfere with memory and learning function, as well as mood. This has not been investigated in primary SS; however, the present study was undertaken to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric involvement in this disease.

Randomised trial on episodic cluster headache with an angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan as prophylactic medication in patients with episodic cluster headache.

Methods: This study comprised a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-designed trial performed in seven centres in Scandinavia. Forty (40) patients with episodic cluster headache (ICHD-2) were recruited and randomised over a five-year period to placebo or 16 mg candesartan in the first week, and placebo or 32 mg candesartan in the second and third week.

Migraine is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of primary headaches in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) versus healthy subjects, and to determine whether headaches in SLE are associated with MRI- or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities.

Patients And Methods: The case-control study included MRI- and CSF investigations. Headache was classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome--a link to sickness behaviour in animals?

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is involved in the regulation of sickness behaviour in response to infection and inflammation in animals. Human fatigue can be considered an element of sickness behaviour and is a prominent and often disabling phenomenon in autoimmune diseases such as primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS). The role of the IL-1 system in the fatigue of patients with PSS was explored.

Peripheral neuropathy in primary sjogren syndrome: a population-based study.

Background: Neurological manifestations appear to be frequently involved in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS).

Objective: To investigate the involvement of the peripheral nervous system, including small-diameter nerve fibers, in an unselected cohort of patients who fulfilled the new international criteria for PSS.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Small-diameter nerve fiber neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, multiorgan disease often involving the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Objective: To determine whether there is a selective small-diameter nerve fiber neuropathy in patients with SLE.

Design: Cross-sectional study.