Draft genome sequences of 13 isolates from farmed Norwegian (lumpfish) and (turbot).

Thirteen bacterial isolates of were sequenced and assembled. The strains were isolated from four disease outbreaks in farmed marine fish in Norway. Eight isolates were from (lumpfish), and five were from (turbot).

Phylogeography and host specificity of pathogenic to sea-farmed fish in the north-east Atlantic.

The present study was undertaken to address the recent spate of pasteurellosis outbreaks among sea-farmed Atlantic salmon () in Norway and Scotland, coinciding with sporadic disease episodes in lumpfish () used for delousing purposes in salmon farms. Genome assemblies from 86 bacterial isolates cultured from diseased salmon or lumpfish confirmed them all as members of the family, with phylogenetic reconstruction dividing them into two distinct branches sharing <88% average nucleotide identity. These branches therefore constitute two separate species, namely and the as-yet invalidly named "".

Decreased water temperature enhance genotype 3 replication and severe heart pathology in experimentally infected rainbow trout.

genotype 3 (PRV-3) was first discovered in Denmark in 2017 in relation to disease outbreaks in rainbow trout (). While the virus appears to be widespread in farmed rainbow trout, disease outbreaks associated with detection of PRV-3 have only occurred in recirculating aquaculture systems, and has predominantly been observed during the winter months. To explore the possible effects of water temperature on PRV-3 infection in rainbow trout, an cohabitation trial was conducted at 5, 12, and 18°C.

MLVA genotyping of Moritella viscosa reveals serial emergence of novel, host-specific clonal complexes in Norwegian salmon farming.

A Multi-Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) genotyping scheme was developed for the epidemiological study of Moritella viscosa, which causes 'winter ulcer' predominantly in sea-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The assay involves multiplex PCR amplification of six Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) loci, followed by capillary electrophoresis and data interpretation.

Isolation, identification, virulence potential and genomic features of Tenacibaculum piscium isolates recovered from Chilean salmonids.

Tenacibaculum piscium, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the skin ulcers of sea-farmed fish, has only been described in Norway. In the present study, we examined 16 Chilean Tenacibaculum isolates recovered from different organs in moribund and dead Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cultured at different fish farms between 2014 and 2018. The present study applied biochemical, phenotypic, fatty acid and whole-genome sequence-based analyses to confirm the taxonomic status of the Chilean isolates.

Draft Genome Sequences of 23 Isolates from Farmed Norwegian Lumpfish, .

Draft genome sequences of 23 sp. strains that were isolated from Cyclopterus lumpus (lumpfish) were investigated to elucidate possible routes of transmission between Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) and lumpfish.

Multi-agent hybridization confirms . Branchiomonas cysticola as a major contributor in complex gill disease in Atlantic salmon.

Gill diseases may cause high mortalities in farmed Atlantic salmon. In seawater reared fish co-infections involving the epitheliocystis associated bacterium . Branchiomonas cysticola, the microsporidian , the causative agent of amoebic gill disease and salmon gill poxvirus are common and histopathological lesions may be complex.

Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon.

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), caused by infection with (PRV-1), is a common disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (). Both an inactivated whole virus vaccine and a DNA vaccine have previously been tested experimentally against HSMI and demonstrated to give partial but not full protection. To understand the mechanisms involved in protection against HSMI and evaluate the potential of live attenuated vaccine strategies, we set up a cross-protection experiment using PRV genotypes not associated with disease development in Atlantic salmon.

sp. nov., isolated from skin ulcers of sea-farmed fish, and description of sp. nov. with subdivision into genomovars and .

Results of previous multilocus sequence and whole-genome-based analyses have suggested that a homogeneous group of isolates belonging to the genus , represented by strain TNO020 and associated with skin ulcer development in sea-farmed fish, represents an as-yet-undescribed species. Comparative whole-genome analysis performed in the present study clustered five isolates, including TNO020, in a distinct lineage within the genus . Phenotypic differences, high intra-cluster average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and low ANI values with other species support the proposal of a novel species, for which we propose the name sp.

Histopathological investigation of complex gill disease in sea farmed Atlantic salmon.

Various agents including Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis, Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola, Desmozoon lepeophtherii, Paramoeba perurans and salmon gill poxvirus may be associated with complex gill disease in Atlantic salmon.

Piscine orthoreovirus subtype 3 (PRV-3) causes heart inflammation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) mediated diseases have emerged throughout salmonid aquaculture. Three PRV subtypes are currently reported as causative agents of or in association with diseases in different salmonid species. PRV-1 causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and is associated with jaundice syndrome in farmed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

(PRV-1) causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (). Recently, a novel PRV (formerly PRV-Om, here called PRV-3), was found in rainbow trout () with HSMI-like disease. PRV is considered to be an emerging pathogen in farmed salmonids.

Piscine orthoreovirus infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) protects against subsequent challenge with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV).

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is endemic in farmed rainbow trout in continental Europe and in various salmonid fish species at the Pacific coast of North America. IHN has never occurred in European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms, but is considered as a major threat for the European salmon industry. Another virus, Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), is widespread in the sea phase of Atlantic salmon, and is identified as the causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation.

Infection experiments with novel Piscine orthoreovirus from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in salmonids.

A new disease in farmed rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) was described in Norway in 2013. The disease mainly affected the heart and resembled heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

Multilocus sequence analysis reveals extensive genetic variety within Tenacibaculum spp. associated with ulcers in sea-farmed fish in Norway.

Skin ulcer development in sea-reared salmonids, commonly associated with Tenacibaculum spp., is a significant fish welfare- and economical problem in Norwegian aquaculture. A collection of 89 Tenacibaculum isolates was subjected to multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA).

Estimation of Methane Emissions from Slurry Pits below Pig and Cattle Confinements.

Quantifying in-house emissions of methane (CH4) from liquid manure (slurry) is difficult due to high background emissions from enteric processes, yet of great importance for correct estimation of CH4 emissions from manure management and effects of treatment technologies such as anaerobic digestion. In this study CH4 production rates were determined in 20 pig slurry and 11 cattle slurry samples collected beneath slatted floors on six representative farms; rates were determined within 24 h at temperatures close to the temperature in slurry pits at the time of collection. Methane production rates in pig and cattle slurry differed significantly at 0.

Temperature response of methane production in liquid manures and co-digestates.

Intensification of livestock production makes correct estimation of methanogenesis in liquid manure increasingly important for inventories of CH4 emissions. Such inventories currently rely on fixed methane conversion factors as knowledge gaps remain with respect to detailed temperature responses of CH4 emissions from liquid manure. Here, we describe the temperature response of CH4 production in liquid cattle slurry, pig slurry, and fresh and stored co-digested slurry from a thermophilic biogas plant.

First Description of a New Disease in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) Similar to Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) and Detection of a Gene Sequence Related to Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV).

In fall 2013, anorexia, lethargy and mortalities up to 10-12,000 dead fish per week were observed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in three fresh water hatcheries (salinity 0-1 ‰) on the west coast of Norway. The fish (25-100 g) showed signs of circulatory failure with haemorrhages, ascites and anaemia. The histopathological findings comprised inflammation of the heart and red muscle and liver necrosis.

Can low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve erectile dysfunction? A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) can be used as a treatment for men with erectile dysfunction of organic origin.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study included 112 men unable to have intercourse either with or without medication. Erectile dysfunction was assessed at screening and 5, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment.

Complete Genome Sequence of Actinobaculum schaalii Strain CCUG 27420.

Complete genome sequencing of the emerging uropathogen Actinobaculum schaalii indicates that an important mechanism of its virulence is attachment pili, which allow the organism to adhere to the surface of animal cells, greatly enhancing the ability of this organism to colonize the urinary tract.

Actinobaculum schaalii, a commensal of the urogenital area.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Actinobaculum schaalii is considered to be a part of the normai flora in the genital and urinary tract area. It has been associated to urinary tract infection (UTI), sepsis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and Foumier's gangrene. So far it has mainly been isolated from urine, blood and pus, and predominantly in elderly patients.

[Severe phimosis as cause of urosepsis with Actinobaculum schaalii].

Actinobaculum schaalii is a small, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, CO2-requiring rod. It is now an acknowledged uropathogen, but often overlooked because of its slow growth. It is part of the normal bacterial flora in the urogenital area, but can be the cause of both local and invasive infections.