Immunogenicity of an AS01-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVPreF3) vaccine in animal models.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a high disease burden in older adults. An effective vaccine for this RSV-primed population may need to boost/elicit robust RSV-neutralizing antibody responses and recall/induce RSV-specific T cell responses. To inform the selection of the vaccine formulation for older adults, RSVPreF3 (RSV fusion glycoprotein engineered to maintain the prefusion conformation) with/without AS01 adjuvant was evaluated in mice and bovine RSV infection-primed cattle.

The RSVPreF3-AS01 vaccine elicits broad neutralization of contemporary and antigenically distant respiratory syncytial virus strains.

The RSVPreF3-AS01 vaccine, containing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein and the AS01 adjuvant, was previously shown to boost neutralization responses against historical RSV strains and to be efficacious in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract diseases in older adults. Although RSV F is highly conserved, variation does exist between strains. Here, we characterized variations in the major viral antigenic sites among contemporary RSV sequences when compared with RSVPreF3 and showed that, in older adults, RSVPreF3-AS01 broadly boosts neutralization responses against currently dominant and antigenically distant RSV strains.

Cognitive Fatigue, Sleep and Cortical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Disease. A Behavioral, Polysomnographic and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation.

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease frequently experience fatigue as their most debilitating symptom. Fatigue in MS partially refers to a cognitive component, cognitive fatigue (CF), characterized by a faster and stronger than usual development of the subjective feeling of exhaustion that follows sustained cognitive demands. The feeling of CF might result from supplementary task-related brain activity following MS-related demyelination and neurodegeneration.

Lack of frequency-tagged magnetic responses suggests statistical regularities remain undetected during NREM sleep.

Hypnopedia, or the capacity to learn during sleep, is debatable. De novo acquisition of reflex stimulus-response associations was shown possible both in man and animal. Whether sleep allows more sophisticated forms of learning remains unclear.

Objectifying the subjective: Building blocks of metacognitive experiences in conflict tasks.

Metacognitive appraisals are essential for optimizing our information processing. In conflict tasks, metacognitive appraisals can result from different interrelated features (e.g.

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

The detection of a conflict between relevant and irrelevant information on a given trial typically results in a smaller conflict effect on the next trial. This sequential effect has been interpreted as an expression of cognitive control implemented to resolve conflict. In this context, 2 different but related issues have received increasing attention in the literature.

The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.

Motor inhibition can occur even without conscious perception and any voluntary effort. Although it is now clear that such an inhibitory process needs time to unfold, its exact temporal dynamic remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the impact of various temporal factors on automatic motor inhibition using the masked priming task.

The reversal of perceptual and motor compatibility effects differs qualitatively between metacontrast and random-line masks.

In masked priming tasks, participants typically respond faster to compatible than to incompatible primes, an effect that has been dubbed as the positive compatibility effect (PCE). However, when the interval between the prime and the mask is relatively long, responses are faster to incompatible than to compatible primes. This inversion is called the negative compatibility effect (NCE).

The graded and dichotomous nature of visual awareness.

Is our visual experience of the world graded or dichotomous? Opposite pre-theoretical intuitions apply in different cases. For instance, when looking at a scene, one has a distinct sense that our experience has a graded character: one cannot say that there is no experience of contents that fall outside the focus of attention, but one cannot say that there is full awareness of such contents either. By contrast, when performing a visual detection task, our sense of having perceived the stimulus or not exhibits a more dichotomous character.

Nonconscious learning from crowded sequences.

Can people learn complex information without conscious awareness? Implicit learning-learning without awareness of what has been learned-has been the focus of intense investigation over the last 50 years. However, it remains controversial whether complex knowledge can be learned implicitly. In the research reported here, we addressed this challenge by asking participants to differentiate between sequences of symbols they could not perceive consciously.

Repeating a strongly masked stimulus increases priming and awareness.

Previous studies [Marcel, A. J. (1983).