Reactive oxygen species: Key players in the anticancer effects of apigenin?

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a double-edged sword in cancer-hence their modulation has been an attractive strategy in cancer prevention and therapy. The abundance of scientific information on the pro-oxidant effects of apigenin in cancer cells suggests the crucial role of ROS in its mechanisms of action. Although apigenin is known to enhance the cellular ROS levels to cytotoxic degrees in cancer cells in vitro, it remains to be determined if these pro-oxidant effects prevail or are relevant in experimental tumor models and clinical trials.

Sildenafil aggravates adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity in rats; a preliminary investigation.

Male reproductive toxicity is a well-established side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin (ADR). Sildenafil (SIL) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor known to enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to ADR. However, there is a scarcity of information on the effect of SIL on ADR-induced testicular toxicity.

Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats.

Objectives: Protocatechuic acid (PCA) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study seeks to investigate its underlying mechanism of action in the liver and brain toxicity induced by CCl in male albino rats.

Methods: Rats were given PCA at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily and orally as a pretreatment for seven days.

Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model.

Background Doxorubicin (DOX) induces toxicity in many tissues/organs, including the heart, kidney and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups.

The oral administration of silver nanoparticles activates the kynurenine pathway in rat brain independently of oxidative stress.

In this work, we determined whether oxidative stress contributed to the activation of the kynurenine pathway by AgNPs. Male Wistar rats weighing between 130 and 146 g were randomly assigned into six groups. Animals in the negative control group were orally administered distilled water while, the other treatment groups were respectively given AgNPs (25 and 50 mg/kg bw) alone or in combination with Trolox (100 mg/kg bw).

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, offers protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.

Background: Elevation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5'-GMP, a mechanism that could be associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity. This study investigated whether selective inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil could offer protection against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Methods: CCl4 (0.

White butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile) leaf extract protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Currently, there is increasing attention towards flavonoids and phenolic compounds of plant origin because of their association with decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and different types of cancer. The present study investigates the protective effect of Clerodendrum volubile (C. volubile) methanolic extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Antidiabetic Effects of Resveratrol: The Way Forward in Its Clinical Utility.

Despite recent advances in the understanding and management of , the prevalence of the disease is increasing unabatedly with resulting disabling and life-reducing consequences to the global human population. The limitations and side effects associated with current antidiabetic therapies have necessitated the search for novel therapeutic agents. Due to the multipathogenicity of plant-derived compounds with proven multiple pharmacological actions have been postulated to "hold the key" in the search for an affordable, efficacious, and safer therapeutic agent in the treatment of the disease and associated complications.