Endodontic Retreatment of a Mandibular Second Molar with four Separate Roots: A Case Report.

Aberrations in the root canal anatomy are a commonly occurring phenomenon. Although the mandibular second molar is commonly a bi-rooted tooth with an uncomplicated endodontic anatomy, variations have to be considered every time endodontic therapy is performed. This case report describes the non-surgical endodontic retreatment performed on a mandibular second molar with four seperate roots and canals.

Smear Layer Evaluation on Root Canal Preparation with Manual and Rotary Techniques using EDTA as an Irrigant: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

Introduction: The aim of any root canal treatment is to achieve a canal free of micro organisms, residual pulp remnants, debris and smear layer for the long term success of the procedure. Manual and automated instrumentation techniques along with proper irrigation regime is used to arrive at the aforementioned goal. Many authors focused on the preparation capabilities of various manual and rotary instruments but very few investigators stressed on the actual cleaning abilities of these instruments.

Supernumerary lateral incisor.

Supernumerary teeth are common in general population and occur frequently in patients with familial trait. However, it is rare to find supernumeraries in individuals with no associated disease or syndrome. Supernumerary teeth are found in any region of maxilla and mandible, with a predisposition for anterior maxilla.