MOG IgG antibody positivity from laboratory to clinical practice: A real world experience.

Background And Objectives: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) associated disease (MOGAD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS with varied presentations like optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis, and cortical encephalitis. This study aims to highlight the significance of low MOG IgG antibody positivity and its diagnostic implications in a real-world cohort.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, serum and CSF from suspected MOGAD cases were tested at a tertiary healthcare centre's Neuroimmunology Laboratory.

Clinical Manifestations of Anti-GABA-B Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Series.

Anti γ aminobutyric acid B(GABA B) receptor encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis. Our aim is to study the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of anti GABA B receptor encephalitis. This is a retrospective case series from the Neuroimmunology laboratory of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India from 2016 to 2021.

Neurological Manifestations of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmunity in Indian Patients.

Objective: To study the neurological manifestations of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) autoimmunity in Indian patients.

Methods: Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. Patients who tested positive for GAD 65 antibodies from February 2013 to July 2019 were included.

Cerebrospinal fluid indices as predictors of treatment response in autoimmune encephalitis.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and blood-brain barrier impairment are not routinely assessed in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We aimed to study CSF indices and their association with the prognosis of AE.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, India, included 60 patients aged more than 18 years with definite/probable/possible AE admitted to the Department of Neurology from August 2016 to November 2021.

The prevalence and clinical phenotype of dual seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders at a national reference center in South Asia.

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune syndrome that is frequently positive for Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) IgG or Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoproteins (MOG) IgG. However, dual positivity to both is rare.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of dual-positive NMOSD and outline its clinical phenotype.

Determination of sensitivities and specificities of cerebrospinal fluid free light chains to diagnose multiple sclerosis- a multicentric case-control study.

Background: CSF free light chains help diagnose multiple sclerosis, but no data is available on the Asian population. Our objective was to study the diagnostic utility of CSF free light chains for diagnosing multiple sclerosis in Indian patients.

Methods: Prospective multicentric case-control study.

Autoimmune parkinsonism with faciobrachiocrural dystonic seizures: a new phenotype of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmunity.

Extrapyramidal symptoms are seen in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-positive patients infrequently and this can be successfully treated with immunotherapy. This is a retrospective hospital-based study from 2013 to 2021 at a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. LGI1 antibody-positive cases with Faciobrachio-crural dystonic seizures [FBCDS] were identified by reviewing electronic medical records and Neuroimmunology laboratory register.

Prozone phenomenon observed in indirect immunofluorescence assay by antibodies against neuronal antigens.

A marked prozone effect was observed in indirect immunofluorescence with human sera and human cerebrospinal fluid in two clinical cases involving breast carcinoma with paraneoplastic neuronal antibodies, and anti- N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies. Anti-Yo antibodies and anti-NMDA antibodies were not detectable under high concentrations (1:10 serum dilution and neat CSF respectively) but showed a true effect when sufficiently diluted at 1:80 and 1:5 respectively. This paper demonstrates that prozone effects have their occurrences in indirect immunofluorescence, and clinicians and laboratory technicians should be wary of its implications during screening of autoantibody markers in neurological diseases.

Expanding spectrum of contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) autoimmunity-syndrome of parkinsonism and ataxia.

Contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) antibodies are originally associated with Morvan's syndrome and peripheral nerve hyper excitability. Our objective was to study retrospectively the clinical spectrum of CASPR2 antibody-positive patients in our hospital. This is a retrospective observational study.

Autoimmune atypical parkinsonism - A group of treatable parkinsonism.

Background: Immunological causes of atypical parkinsonism/Parkinson plus syndromes are rare.

Objective: To study the clinical and laboratory features and treatment outcome of autoimmune atypical parkinsonism.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Autoimmune encephalitis: Clinical diagnosis versus antibody confirmation.

Context: Autoimmune encephalitis is a heterogeneous disorder which is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. The diagnosis of these disorders is based on the detection of autoantibodies and characteristic clinical profiles.

Aims: We aimed to study the antibody profile in encephalitis patients with suspected autoimmune etiology presenting to a tertiary care center.

Dot-immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba).

Dot-immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba) is a simple and highly reproducible immunodiagnostic method. Antibody or antigen is dotted directly onto nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) discs. The diagnostic material to be checked can be incubated on this disc.

Women with epilepsy and infertility have different reproductive hormone profile than others.

Purpose: One-third of women with epilepsy (WWE) may experience infertility (failure to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse). We aimed to compare the hormone profile of WWE and infertility (WWE-I) with that of WWE who had conceived earlier (WWE-F).

Materials And Methods: In the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy, we compared the clinical and hormone profile of 50 WWE-I and 40 age-matched WWE-F.

Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Guillain-Barré syndrome and its relation to plasma exchange.

Background: To correlate the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentrations before, during and following plasma exchange in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this prospective study, 21 GBS patients were selected. Patients in clinical stages III to V were subjected to plasma exchange.