[Not Available].

The aim of the interdisciplinary S2k guideline "Acute infectious gastroenteritis in infants, children and adolescents" is to summarise the current state of knowledge on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and hygiene of acute infectious gastroenteritis, including nosocomial gastrointestinal infections, in infants, children and adolescents on the basis of scientific evidence, to evaluate it by expert consensus and to derive practice-relevant recommendations from it. The guideline provides a corridor for action for frequent decisions. It also serves the purpose of evidence-based further education and training and is thus intended to improve the medical care of children with acute gastroenteritis.

Genetic Variants Determine Treatment Response in Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare entity; in addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may impact its course and outcome. We investigated liver-related SNPs regarding its activity, as well as in relation to its stage and treatment response in a Central European AIH cohort.

Methods: A total of 113 AIH patients (i.

Safety and Potential Efficacy of Escalating Dose of Ustekinumab in Pediatric Crohn Disease (the Speed-up Study): A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN.

Objectives: Escalation of the ustekinumab (UST) maintenance dosage was effective in adults with Crohn disease (CD), but no data are available for children. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of dose escalation of UST in pediatric CD.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study from 25 centers affiliated with the IBD Interest and Porto groups of ESPGHAN.

Childhood obesity prevention: what can be achieved?

Purpose Of Review: Childhood obesity is a pandemic generating an enormous individual and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on successful and recommended prevention strategies according to age groups and different levels of interventions.

Recent Findings: Effective prevention of childhood obesity is feasible and most successful early in life up to preschool age, and it should include a multicomponent approach, integrating individuals, family and society.

Three Novel Variants Causing Tufting Enteropathy in Three Families.

Tufting enteropathy (TE) is caused by recessive mutations, and is characterized by intractable diarrhea of congenital onset and disorganization of enterocytes. TE generally requires parenteral nutrition (PN) during childhood or intestinal bowel transplantation. We report three unrelated families with six children with TE.

Galanin receptor 3 attenuates inflammation and influences the gut microbiota in an experimental murine colitis model.

The regulatory (neuro)peptide galanin and its three receptors (GALR) are involved in immunity and inflammation. Galanin alleviated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. However, studies on the galanin receptors involved are lacking.

1RS arm of Secale cereanum 'Kriszta' confers resistance to stripe rust, improved yield components and high arabinoxylan content in wheat.

Wheat-rye T1BL.1RS translocation is widespread worldwide as the genes on 1RS arm have positive effect on stress resistance, grain yield and adaptation ability of wheat. Nowadays, the T1BL.

Vedolizumab use after failure of TNF-α antagonists in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Vedolizumab is safe and effective in adult patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, data in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated vedolizumab use in a cohort of Austrian paediatric patients with IBD.

Methods: Twelve patients (7 female; 7 CD; 5 UC), aged 8-17 years (median, 15 years), with severe IBD who received vedolizumab after tumour necrosis factor α antagonist treatment were retrospectively analysed.

Production and cytomolecular identification of new wheat-perennial rye (Secale cereanum) disomic addition lines with yellow rust resistance (6R) and increased arabinoxylan and protein content (1R, 4R, 6R).

Wheat-Secale cereanum addition lines with yellow rust resistance (6R) and increased arabinoxylan content (1R, 4R, 6R) have been selected and identified in order to increase biodiversity of wheat. Perennial rye (Secale cereanum, 2n = 2x = 14, RR) cultivar Kriszta has a large gene pool that can be exploited in wheat breeding. It has high protein and dietary fibre content, carries several resistance genes, tolerant to frost and drought, and adapts well to disadvantageous soil and weather conditions.

Association between simple sequence repeat-rich chromosome regions and intergenomic translocation breakpoints in natural populations of allopolyploid wild wheats.

Background And Aims: Repetitive DNA sequences are thought to be involved in the formation of chromosomal rearrangements. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of microsatellite clusters in Aegilops biuncialis and Aegilops geniculata, and its relationship with the intergenomic translocations in these allotetraploid species, wild genetic resources for wheat improvement.

Methods: The chromosomal localization of (ACG)(n) and (GAA)(n) microsatellite sequences in Ae.

Characterization of chromosome-specific S-SAP markers and their use in studying genetic diversity in Aegilops species.

The short interspersed nuclear element (SINE), Au, was used to develop sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) markers for U- and M-genome chromosomes. The markers were localized using Triticum aestivum (wheat)-- Aegilops geniculata and wheat-- Aegilops biuncialis disomic chromosome addition lines. Thirty-seven markers distributed over 6 U and 6 M chromosomes were produced.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of Aegilops biuncialis and its use for the identification of 5 derived wheat-Aegilops biuncialis disomic addition lines.

The aim of the experiments was to produce and identify different Triticum aestivum-Aegilops biuncialis disomic addition lines. To facilitate the exact identification of the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes in these Triticum aestivum-Ae.