Morphological and pathological features of basal-like breast cancer.

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is characterized by high grade, high mitotic indices, presence of central necrotic or fibrotic zones, and lymphocytic infiltrate. Patients presenting with BLBC have a poor prognosis and a short-term disease-free and overall survival. BLBCs may include different histological types of breast cancers but the most common histological type is represented by invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST).

The effects of the use of platelet-rich plasma gel on local recurrence in an animal model of human fibrosarcoma.

Background: Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is largely used, thanks to its properties, as wound therapy after surgical resection. Several studies and clinical findings have demonstrated that the PRP can accelerate the regeneration and the repair of tissues through the action of the platelet-derived growth factors.

Material And Methods: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of PRP-gel on the rate of tumor relapse by using a mouse model of Human Fibrosarcoma (HF).

Mutated Von Hippel-Lindau-renal cell carcinoma (RCC) promotes patients specific natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity.

Background: Previous evidence demonstrated that restoration of wild type VHL in human renal cancer cells decreased in vitro NK susceptibility. To investigate on the role of tumoral VHL status versus NK capability in renal cancer patients, 51 RCC patients were characterized for VHL mutational status and NK function.

Methods: VHL mutational status was determined by direct DNA sequencing on tumor tissue.

Melanoma and immunotherapy bridge 2015 : Naples, Italy. 1-5 December 2015.

MELANOMA BRIDGE 2015 KEYNOTE SPEAKER PRESENTATIONS Molecular and immuno-advances K1 Immunologic and metabolic consequences of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in melanoma Vashisht G. Y. Nanda, Weiyi Peng, Patrick Hwu, Michael A.

Variability in Immunohistochemical Detection of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Cancer Tissue Types.

In normal cell physiology, programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, play an immunoregulatory role in T-cell activation, tolerance, and immune-mediated tissue damage. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway also plays a critical role in immune escape of tumor cells and has been demonstrated to correlate with a poor prognosis of patients with several types of cancer. However, recent reports have revealed that the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of the PD-L1 in tumor cells is not uniform for the use of different antibodies clones, with variable specificity, often doubtful topographical localization, and with a score not uniquely defined.

LncRNA HOTAIR as Prognostic Circulating Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with Tumor Diseases.

In the recent years the importance of the role played by non-coding RNA on the regulation of gene expression was increased by numerous studies. The research mainly focused on small ncRNAs, such as miRNAs, while the functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been much less studied. lncRNAs can be transcribed from intergenic, intragenic or specific chromosomal regions.

Immune-phenotypical markers for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions.

For specific subsets of melanocytic proliferations, there are morphologic limitations in the histological diagnosis, especially for borderline melanocytic tumors. In particular, Spitzoid proliferations can be difficult to diagnose. For these reasons, in the last years, clinic research has focused attention on discovery of new diagnostic markers.

Ran signaling in melanoma: implications for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies.

We performed a comparative study between two human metastatic melanoma cell lines (A375 and 526), and melanocytes (FOM78) by gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Genes involved in Ran signaling were significantly over-represented (p ≤ 0.001) and up-regulated in melanoma cells.

SPARC/osteonectin is involved in metastatic process to the lung during melanoma progression.

The existence of a "metastasis gene signature" that predisposes primary breast cancer cells to metastasize to the lungs has been recently highlighted by gene expression profiling studies. The combination of genes responsible for this process includes genes encoding several metalloproteinases as well as the gene encoding SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)/osteonectin. SPARC is involved in normal tissue remodeling as it regulates the deposition of extracellular matrix, but also plays a role in neoplastic transformation.

Surgical management of sentinel lymph node biopsy outside major nodal basin in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Purpose: To assess the incidence of nonmajor lymphatic basin sentinel nodes in patients with cutaneous melanoma in order to propose a correct nomenclature and inform appropriate surgical management.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 1,045 consecutive patients with cutaneous melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and dynamic lymphoscintigraphy to identify sentinel node site. Nonmajor drainage sites were classified as uncommon (located in a minor lymphatic basin along the lymphatic drainage to a major classical nodal basin) or interval (located anywhere along the lymphatics between the primary tumor site and the nearest lymphatic basin) sentinel nodes.

Microenvironment and tumor progression of melanoma: new therapeutic prospectives.

Malignant melanoma is a very representative disease in terms of tumor progression processes. During its evolution, a series of events takes place; among these, the cells' 'out-of-control' growth and loss of homeostasis play crucial roles in the genesis of the tumor itself and its subsequent progression. These events involve several molecular mechanisms associated with both melanocyte transformation and changes to/in the surrounding microenvironment.

Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma with Cyclin D1 overexpression: a case report.

Unlabelled: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified are generally considered aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas, because of poor natural outcome and response to therapy. They show a complex karyotype without any specific genetic hallmark. We report a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified with heterogeneous nuclear cyclin D1 immunohistochemical overexpression, due to gene copy gain, a phenomenon similar to that observed in mantle cell lymphoma characterized by t(11;14)(q13;q32).

Increased HOX C13 expression in metastatic melanoma progression.

Background: The process of malignant transformation, progression and metastasis of melanoma is not completely understood. Recently, the microarray technology has been used to survey transcriptional differences that might provide insight into the metastatic process, but the validation of changing gene expression during metastatic transition period is poorly investigated. A large body of literature has been produced on the role of the HOX genes network in tumour evolution, suggesting the involvement of HOX genes in several types of human cancers.

Delayed diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the common femoral artery after endovascular repair.

Purpose: To describe a unique case of misdiagnosed leiomyosarcoma of the common femoral artery presenting with signs and symptoms of high-grade stenosis, which was treated with stent placement.

Case Report: A 31-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia had recurrent claudication and showed significant in-stent restenosis of the common femoral artery in a postoperative angiogram at 5 months. The patient's clinical stage remained unchanged after repeat percutaneous intervention, and leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed from surgical specimens.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic focal fatty change. A report of two cases.

Background: In rare instances, hepatic steatosis produces a circumscribed, nodular lesion described as focal fatty liver change (FFLC). The ultrasonographic and computed tomographic patterns are those of an isointense or hyperechoic nodule, sometimes simultating metastasis.

Cases: Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed under ultrasonographic control in two men aged 65 and 67 years who had previously undergone emicolectomy and gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma.