Incidental finding of lipaemia retinalis on diabetic retinal screening.

Summary: A 37-year-old female of South Asian origin was referred to our diabetes clinic for evaluation of an unusual finding during her retinal screening. Her retinal blood vessels appeared white in contrast to the normal pink-red colour. She had type I hyperlipidaemia, confirmed by genotype, and was recently diagnosed with diabetes, secondary to pancreatic insufficiency, for which she had suboptimal control and multiple hospitalisations with recurrent pancreatitis.

Ménière's Syndrome or Disease: Time Trends in Management and Quality of Evidence Over the Last Two Decades.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence and trends in published literature on the treatment of Ménière's syndrome or disease (MS/D) by comparing studies published in the last two decades.

Data Sources: A literature search was performed on AMED, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, BNI, CINAHL, HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE, CENTRAL and Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat disorders groups trials register using a combination of MeSH. The date of last search was October 2014.

Evaluation of round window accessibility to cochlear implant insertion.

Emphasis on hearing preservation has led to recognition of the round window membrane (RWM) as a portal for the cochlear implant electrode array. The St Thomas' Hospital (STH) classification was devised to evaluate the accessibility of RWM electrode insertion. The objectives of this study were: (1) to prospectively evaluate the STH classification in selecting the appropriate cochlear insertion route in "RWM-intentioned" cases, and (2) to ascertain if RWM accessibility differs from adults to children.

Round window electrode insertion potentiates retention in the scala tympani.

Conclusions: The round window membrane (RWM)-intentioned approach is superior to the traditional bony cochleostomy (BC) approach in obtaining electrode placement within the scala tympani (ST).

Objective: Cochlear implant outcome is influenced by several factors, including optimal placement and retention of the electrode array within the ST. The present study aimed to assess whether the RWM route is superior to a traditional BC for placement and retention of the electrode array in the ST.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea complicating septoplasty: a novel mechanism of injury.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after a septoplasty procedure is very rare and potentially life-threatening. We present a case of iatrogenic postseptoplasty CSF rhinorrhea. To the best of our knowledge, only 2 other cases of CSF rhinorrhea complicating septoplasty have previously been reported.

Contralateral incipient posterior canal benign positional paroxysmal vertigo: complication after Epley maneuver.

Background: Particle repositioning procedures give consistent results for the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV). However, little consideration has been given to the possibilities of bilateral disease.

Objective/hypothesis: To report contralateral symptoms and signs suggestive of revealed or incipient BPPV as a complication of Epley maneuver.

Catamenial pneumothorax: surgical repair of the diaphragm and hormone treatment.

Catamenial pneumothorax is defined as spontaneous pneumothoraces occurring within 72 h before or after onset of menstruation. It is rare but clinical index of suspicion should be high in ovulating women with spontaneous pneumothoraces. The mechanism is unclear but is thought to involve pre-existing or acquired diaphragmatic defects and endometrial implants.