Revision parotidectomy - analysis of indications for the procedure and treatment results based on 10 years of follow-up in a single center.

<b>Introduction:</b> Surgical removal of recurrent parotid gland tumours is the first-line treatment but presents an increased risk of facial nerve injury and a considerable re-recurrence failure rate.<b>Aim:</b> Identification of individuals exposed to a higher risk of re-procedure, raising awareness in the preoperative setting, and proposing an optimal follow-up.<b>Methods:</b> The retrospective review included 72 patients treated with revision surgery in a single centre.

Clostridium difficile caused changes in fatty acids profile and resolvin D1 content in plasma of infected patients.

Objectives: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by anaerobic, toxin-producing bacteria. During the course of CDI, there is a general inflammatory state. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the role of fatty acids (FAs) in the pathogenesis of acute infection we analyzed their plasma content in both patients with CDI and controls.

Fatty acids and selected endocannabinoids content in cerebrospinal fluids from patients with neuroinfections.

Neuroinfections are a significant medical problem and can have serious health consequences for patients. Their outcome, if not fatal, can be associated with permanent residual deficits. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination is commonly used for meningitis confirmation.

Level of S100B protein, neuron specific enolase, orexin A, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor in serum of pediatric patients suffering from sleep disorders with or without epilepsy.

Background: Paroxysmal sleep disorders in children are important from both pathophysiological and clinical point of view. Correct diagnosis is crucial for further management. The aim of the present study was to identify peripheral markers of paroxysmal sleep disorders in children, which could improve diagnostics of these disorders.

EPR Study of Iron Ion Complexes in Human Blood.

Electronic states of iron ion complexes in human blood from patients with melanoma have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The measurements were performed at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) on an X-band EPR spectrometer. Numerous types of iron paramagnetic centers have been identified.

The influence of plant stanol on phospholipids monolayers--the effect of phospholipid structure.

This work is aimed at investigating the influence of a plant stanol (β-sitostanol) on Langmuir monolayers from various phospholipids and comparing the effect of phytostanol versus its unsaturated analog--phytosterol (β-sitosterol). The studied phospholipids differed in the structure of polar head (phosphatidylcholine--PC, phosphatidylethanolamine--PE, phosphatidylserine--PS) as well as in the number of monounsaturated chains in PC molecule. It was found that the introduction of stanol into PC monolayers is thermodynamically favorable, contrary to its effect on PE and PS films.

Effects of neurosteroids on the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene.

Increased activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are known to be important factors in pathogenesis of some stress-related diseases. Some neurosteroids exert anxiolytic and antidepressant effects probably by inhibition of HPA axis activity. The aim of our study was to find out if neurosteroids can directly affect human CRH gene transcription.

Diagnostic difficulties of paroxysmal symptoms in a boy with Parry-Romberg syndrome.

Parry-Romberg syndrome is characterized by progressive unilateral facial atrophy affecting subcutaneous tissue, cartilage and bone structures. Headache attacks and epilepsy are commonly associated with this syndrome but the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. A case of a 12-year-old boy with Parry-Romberg syndrome and syringomyelia suffering from severe headache attacks and epileptic seizures is reported herein.

[Cytokines as a marker of the different paroxysmal sleep events in children].

Background: Parasomnias in children manifest by unwanted behavior and various clinical picture. These disorders are associated with different sleep phases (REM, NREM) and sometimes threaten safety of children's sleep. They require differentiation with epileptic seizures because about 30% of epileptic seizures is associated with sleep.

[The pineal cyst in children with different central nervous system diseases].

Background: In the group of adult patients being diagnosed from different neurological complaints frequency of pineal cyst occurrence is estimated at 0,1-4,9%. Frequency of its occurrence in pediatric population is unknown, however it is regarded as a common lesion at this age, more frequent in girls and older children. This structural lesion is usually asymptomatic, without sequels and clinical complications.

[Structural MRI changes in children with epilepsy aged 2-18 years].

Background: Epilepsy can be one of symptoms of the damage to CNS in children, therefore neuroradiological examinations are necessary to complete diagnostics. The guidelines for imaging children with recent-onset epilepsy were published by experts of International League Against Epilepsy.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective research was to analyze results of MRI in children aged 2 to 18 years, hospitalized between years 2008 and 2010 in the Department of Pediatric Neurology of the Chair of Neurology of Children and Adolescents of Jagiellonian University after the first epileptic attack, with recent-onset epilepsy or chronic epilepsy.

[Sleep paroxysmal events in children in video/polysomnography].

Background: It is estimated that about 25% of children have sleep disorders, from short problems with falling asleep to severe including primary sleep disorders. Majority of these problems are transitory and self-limiting and usually are not recognized by first care physicians and need education.

Aim Of The Study: Analysis of sleep structure at the developmental age and of sleep disorders associated with different sleep phases on the basis of video/polysomnography results.

[Clinical manifestation of neoplasm cerebri in children hospitalized in pediatric neurology department].

Background: Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy of childhood, following leukemia. Cause factor of some brain tumors is suggested by genetic predisposition.

Aim Of The Study: It was a correlation between early symptoms of the brain tumor and its histology, localization and MR imaging.

[Significant neuropsychological impairment in children with normal MRI results].

The aim of the present work was to present significant cognitive impairment in 7 children with normal neuroimaging and electroencefalography results. In 6 children we observed difficulties in verbal auditory learning, in 3 visual memory impairment, and in 1 a disorder of visuo-spatial analysis and synthesis abilities. The clinical examinations performed during the diagnostic process (MRI, CT, Eeg) revealed no neurobiological correlates of the observed neuropsychological impairment.

[Causes of symptomatic epilepsy in two first years of life children hospitalized in 2006-2007 years].

Introduction: Epilepsy in two first years of life needs constant attention due to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify cause of symptomatic epilepsy in two first years of life children from miopolskie and podkarpackie provinces hospitalized in Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Children and Adolescents Neurology Cathedra UJ in Cracow.

Material And Methods: 102 children with epilepsy aged from 1 week to 24 months hospitalized between 1st of January 2006 and 31st of December 2007.

[Children's sleep disturbances in videoelectroencephalography and polysomnography--preliminary data].

Introduction: Correlation between sleep and epilepsy is one of the most basic issues of pediatric neurology. VideoEEG nad polysomnography play an important role in diagnostic process of seizures occuring during sleep, epileptic seizures as well as parasomnic episodes.

Aim: In this paper videoEEG and polysomnography assessment in diagnosis paroxysmal sleep events in children was done.

[Causes and diagnostics of dizziness of central origin in children].

Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms caused by several etiological factors, they are result of general diseases, within anemia. They are associated with several diseases of the organ of hearing and balance, which are under laryngological care, and one of most important tests to distinguish vertigo of central and peripheral origin is videonystagmography. Several diseases of the central nervous system cause instability of posture and gait.

[Visual perception deficits of cortical origin].

This work comprises of a literature review on visual perception distortions that have their origin in structural or functional irregularities of the brain, resulting in the cortex malfunction. The main area that we pay attention to is the brain cortex, but we should not forget, that diseases destructive to the lower brain structures also inevitably lead to secondary dysfunction of the cortex, and thus they have also been included in this paper. Cerebral vision disorders are a small percentage of caseload in either neurology or ophthalmology practice, yet they certainly are interesting for the cognitive scientists, as they open a window into the complex mechanisms of the cerebral clockwork.

[Migrainous aura subtypes in hospitalized children].

Introduction: Migraine with aura is characterized by reversible focal neurological symptoms preceding or accompanying headache. Visual aura is the most common type of aura and its patognomic symptoms are scintillating fortification migrating across the visual field or scintillating scotoma. However, the symptoms are not always so typical and clinical doubts are greater when negative symptoms (loss of vision, numbness or paresis) are present.

CNS Lyme disease manifestation in children.

Background: Neurological symptoms develop in 10-20% of children with borreliosis.

Aim Of The Study: It was a presentation of clinical manifestation of neuroborreliosis in children.

Material And Methods: Children with neuroborreliosis and other neurological diseases were admitted to the University Hospital during 2005-2006 without any selection.

[The role of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy].

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease. Depending on the site of the origin of seizures epilepsy may be divided into the focal and generalised forms. Partial epilepsy most often occurs in the drug-resistant form, the most frequent variant of which is temporal lobe epilepsy--TLE.

[Results of control MRI examinations performed due to radiological indication--preliminary report].

Introduction: MR is very important examination of central nervous system in children in the evaluation of differences dependent of sex and age as well as in the diagnostics. Radiological indications are important in many cases to perform a control study, to evaluate a dynamic changes or to establish the diagnosis.

The Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the results of control MRI examination in children with neurologic syndromes.

[Brain MRI data in children with so called primary generalized seizures].

Introduction: Diagnosis of primary generalised seizures may be not precise because difficulties exist with the assessment of information of focal onset of these seizures.

The Aim: The aim was to examine if the careful searching for partial component of seizures is necessary in children with so called primary generalized seizures.

Material And Methods: The examined group included 45 children aged 6 month to 18 year (mean 11 year) within 19 girls and 26 boys, hospitalized during the year 2006 in the Department of Pediatric Neurology UJ CM in Krakow.

[Results of cerebral angiography performed after neuroradiological indications in children with CNS diseases].

Introduction: Despite of the constant progress in the imaging of vessels, cerebral angiography characterises with the best specificity and sensitivity in detection of arterial, arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms.

The Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the results of cerebral angiography and other neuro-radiologic methods in cases suggesting the probability of vascular malformations in children with neurologic syndroms. MATHERIAL AND MEHTODS: In the year 2006 cerebral angiography was performed in 20 children since it was advised after radiological examinations in children hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology UJ CM in Krakó w.

[MRI and MRA data in children with migraine with aura].

Introduction: One of indications to perform structural MRI and MRA is migraine with aura. Results may influence migraine management.

The Aim: THE AIM of this study was an assessment of MRI and MRA results in children with symptoms of migraine with aura and also the analysis if MR results influence migraine management.