Impact of flooding on the immature stages of dung-breeding Culicoides in Northern Europe.

In Northern Europe, dung-breeding Culicoides (e.g., Culicoides chiopterus (Meigen 1830) and Culicoides dewulfi (Goetghebuer 1936)) are considered to be important vectors of the Bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus.

Ten-year follow-up after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective results 10 years after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure.

Study Design: Two hundred ten patients who underwent a tension-free vaginal tape procedure at the 2 participating units between 1999 and 2001 were invited for follow-up. Evaluation at 10 years included history, clinical examination, cystoscopy, urodynamics, a cough stress test, and the Incontinence Outcome Questionnaire.