Soft Drink Intake in Europe-A Review of Data from Nationally Representative Food Consumption Surveys.

Public health interest in reducing the intake of sugar-sweetened soft drinks has resulted in various guidelines and initiatives related to their consumption, together with an increase in availability and sales of low and no-sugars versions. The aim of this review was to gain insight regarding individual-level amounts and types of soft drinks consumed across the lifecycle as reported in nationally representative surveys in Europe. The review highlighted significant gaps and challenges regarding the availability of recent country-specific soft drink consumption data including heterogeneity in categorisations used in reporting soft drinks.

Comment on Moz-Christofoletti, M.A.; Wollgast, J. Sugars, Salt, Saturated Fat and Fibre Purchased through Packaged Food and Soft Drinks in Europe 2015-2018: Are We Making Progress? 2021, , 2416.

The European soft drinks industry fully supports efforts to monitor nutrition composition of food products [...

A workshop on 'Dietary Sweetness-Is It an Issue?'.

This report summarises a workshop convened by ILSI Europe on 3 and 4 April 2017 to discuss the issue of dietary sweetness. The objectives were to understand the roles of sweetness in the diet, establish whether exposure to sweetness affects diet quality and energy intake, and consider whether sweetness per se affects health. Although there may be evidence for tracking of intake of some sweet components of the diet through childhood, evidence for tracking of whole diet sweetness, or through other stages of maturity are lacking.

Worldwide trends in dietary sugars intake.

Estimating trends in dietary intake data is integral to informing national nutrition policy and monitoring progress towards dietary guidelines. Dietary intake of sugars is a controversial public health issue and guidance in relation to recommended intakes is particularly inconsistent. Published data relating to trends in sugars intake are relatively sparse.

Is there a specific role for sucrose in sports and exercise performance?

The consumption of carbohydrate before, during, and after exercise is a central feature of the athlete's diet, particularly those competing in endurance sports. Sucrose is a carbohydrate present within the diets of athletes. Whether sucrose, by virtue of its component monosaccharides glucose and fructose, exerts a meaningful advantage for athletes over other carbohydrate types or blends is unclear.

The effects of sucrose on metabolic health: a systematic review of human intervention studies in healthy adults.

We systematically reviewed interventions substituting sucrose for other macronutrients in apparently healthy adults to assess impact on cardiometabolic risk indicators. Multiple databases were searched to January 2012 and abstracts assessed by 2 reviewers. Twenty-five studies (29 papers) met inclusion criteria but varied in quality and duration.

Amateur boxing: activity profile of winners and losers.

An activity profile of competitive 3 × 2-min novice-level amateur boxing was created based on video footage and postbout blood [La] in 32 male boxers (mean ± SD) age 19.3 ± 1.4 y, body mass 62.

Warm-up effects on muscle oxygenation, metabolism and sprint cycling performance.

To investigate the effects of warm-up intensity on all-out sprint cycling performance, muscle oxygenation and metabolism, 8 trained male cyclists/triathletes undertook a 30-s sprint cycling test preceded by moderate, heavy or severe warm up and 10-min recovery. Muscle oxygenation was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, with deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]) during the sprint analysed with monoexponential models with time delay. Aerobic, anaerobic-glycolytic and phosphocreatine energy provision to the sprint were estimated from oxygen uptake and lactate production.

A new method to measure local oxygen consumption in human skeletal muscle during dynamic exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can readily report on changes in blood volume and oxygenation. However, it has proved more problematic to measure real-time changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption. Here we report the development of a novel method using NIRS to measure local oxygen consumption in human muscle.

Lactate response to short term exercise with elevated starting levels.

A model that describes the blood lactate concentration (BLC) dynamics [BLC(t)] of a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) as a function of (a) BLC at the start of exercise (BLC(0)), (b) extra-vascular increase in lactate (A), (c) two corresponding velocity constants of appearance (k (1)) and disappearance (k (2)) of lactate into and out of the blood requires that BLC(0) is equal to resting BLC (BLC(rest)). We developed a model that considers an elevated BLC(0). 19 males performed WAnTs with warm-ups increasing (p < 0.

Muscle oxygen saturation measured using "cyclic NIR signals" during exercise.

A new approach to measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO(2)) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed in this paper. This approach exploits the cyclic NIRS signals seen during exercise which are often regarded as "movement artefacts". This new measure, which we term the "cyclic SmO(2)", has the potential to be less affected by the myoglobin which is traditionally believed to be indistinguishable from haemoglobin using NIRS techniques.

Effect of warm-up on run time to exhaustion.

It is not known whether warm-up protocols typically employed by athletes are beneficial to performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of warm-up on a perimaximal run to exhaustion, VO2 kinetics, energy metabolism and running economy. Nine male distance runners ran to exhaustion at a speed corresponding to 105% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) after each of three different warm-up protocols: no warm-up (NW), jog warm-up (WM), or jog with strides (WH).