Antigenic and Structural Properties of the Lipopolysaccharide of the Uropathogenic Dm55 Strain Classified to a New O85 Serogroup.

The aim of the study was the serological and structural characterization of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen from Dm55 coming from the urine of a patient from Lodz. The Dm55 LPS was recognized in ELISA only by the O54 antiserum, suggesting a serological distinction of the Dm55 O antigen from all the 84 LPS serotypes described. The obtained polyclonal rabbit serum against Dm55 reacted in ELISA and Western blotting with a few LPSs (including O54), but the reactions were weaker than those observed in the homologous system.

Immunochemical studies and gene cluster relationships of closely related O-antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila Pt679, Aeromonas popoffii A4, and Aeromonas sobria K928 strains classified into the PGO1 serogroup dominant in Polish aquaculture of carp and rainbow trout.

The present study included three Aeromonas sp. strains isolated from fish tissues during Motile Aeromonas Infection/Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia disease outbreaks on commercial farms, i.e.

Structure and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Aeromonas sobria strain K928 isolated from common carp and classified into the new Aeromonas PGO1 serogroup.

Aeromonas sobria strain K928 was isolated from a common carp during a Motile Aeromonas Infection/Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia disease outbreak on a Polish fish farm and classified into the new provisional PGO1 serogroup. The lipopolysaccharide of A. sobria K928 was subjected to mild acid hydrolysis, and the O-specific polysaccharide, which was isolated by gel-permeation chromatography, was studied using sugar and methylation analyses and H and C NMR spectroscopy.

Lipidomics Analysis of Multilamellar Bodies Produced by Amoeba in Co-Culture with .

Multilamellar bodies (MLBs) are membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles of lysosomal origin. In some protozoa, they were considered as lipid storage secretory organelles and feasible participants in cell-to-cell communication. However, for , similar vesicles were indicated only as possible transmission vectors of several pathogenic bacteria without attributing them biological roles and activities.

Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in bv. Requires a Complementary Function of Two Homologous Glycosyltransferases PssG and PssI.

The Pss-I region of bv. TA1 comprises more than 20 genes coding for glycosyltransferases, modifying enzymes, and polymerization/export proteins, altogether determining the biosynthesis of symbiotically relevant exopolysaccharides. In this study, the role of homologous PssG and PssI glycosyltransferases in exopolysaccharide subunit synthesis were analyzed.

Evaluation of Proteomic and Lipidomic Changes in -Infected Trout Kidney Tissue with the Use of FT-IR Spectroscopy and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

species are opportunistic bacteria causing a vast spectrum of human diseases, including skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis, and finally hemorrhagic septicemia. The aim of our research was to indicate the molecular alterations in proteins and lipids profiles resulting from and subsp. infection in trout kidney tissue samples.

Structure of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Aeromonas encheleia strain A4 representing the new PGO1 serogroup of aeromonads prevailing in Polish aquaculture.

The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) from Aeromonas encheleia strain A4 lipopolysaccharide was investigated. A. encheleia strain A4, classified into the new provisional serogroup PGO1 predominating among aeromonads in Polish aquaculture, was isolated from common carp tissues during an outbreak of MAI/MAS disease on a fish farm.

Structural Studies of the Lipopolysaccharide of bv. Strain K133 Which Represents New Provisional Serogroup PGO1 Prevailing among Mesophilic Aeromonads on Polish Fish Farms.

In the present work, we performed immunochemical studies of LPS, especially the O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) of bv. strain K133, which was isolated from the kidney of carp ( L.) during an outbreak of motile aeromonad infection/motile aeromonad septicemia (MAI/MAS) on a Polish fish farm.

Structure of the disaccharide repeating unit of O-specific polysaccharide isolated from Aeromonas veronii strain Bs8 pathogenic to common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii strain Bs8, which is pathogenic to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), after mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel-permeation chromatography. The high-molecular-mass OPS fraction was investigated using chemical methods, mass spectrometry, and H and C NMR spectroscopy techniques, including 2D homonuclear H,H TOCSY, DQF COSY, NOESY, and heteronuclear H-detected H,C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The analysis revealed that the O-specific polysaccharide contains sugars with the galacto configuration of the ring and is composed of a disaccharide repeating unit with the following structure.

PssJ Is a Terminal Galactosyltransferase Involved in the Assembly of the Exopolysaccharide Subunit in bv. .

bv. produces exopolysaccharide (EPS) composed of glucose, glucuronic acid, and galactose residues at a molar ratio 5:2:1. A majority of genes involved in the synthesis, modification, and export of exopolysaccharide are located in the chromosomal Pss-I region.

Role of bacterial secretion systems and effector proteins - insights into Aeromonas pathogenicity mechanisms.

Gram-negative bacteria have developed several nanomachine channels known as type II, III, IV and VI secretion systems that enable export of effector proteins/toxins from the cytosol across the outer membrane to target host cells. Protein secretion systems are critical to bacterial virulence and interactions with other organisms. Aeromonas utilize various secretion machines e.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria strain Pt393 isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which contains a rarely occurring sugar 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, tomosamine.

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria strain Pt393, which is pathogenic to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), after mild acid hydrolysis followed by GPC. The high-molecular-weight OPS fraction was studied with chemical methods, mass spectrometry, and H and C NMR spectroscopy techniques, including 2D H,H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, H-detected heteronuclear H,C HSQC, and HMBC experiments.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in fecal samples of birds from South-Eastern Poland.

Background: The incidence of human infection and colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has increased in the recent years. Environmental sources, including bird droppings, might play an important role as resistance reservoirs.

Results: Fresh fecal samples were collected from rooks and wild-living birds during the autumn-winter period of 2016/2017, and tested for the presence of bacteria associated with human diseases.

Structural and Serological Studies of the O6-Related Antigen of bv. Strain K557 Isolated from on a Polish Fish Farm, which Contains L-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-L-mannose), a Unique Sugar Characteristic for Serogroup O6.

Amongst spp. strains that are pathogenic to fish in Polish aquacultures, serogroup O6 was one of the five most commonly identified immunotypes especially among carp isolates. Here, we report immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) including the O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) of bv.

A Unique Sugar l-Perosamine (4-Amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-mannose) Is a Compound Building Two O-Chain Polysaccharides in the Lipopolysaccharide of Strain JCM 3968, Serogroup O6.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major glycolipid and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria, including spp. The O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS, O-chain, O-antigen), i.e.

Glycoconjugates of Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa - are they similar in orchestrating the innate immune response?

Innate immunity is an evolutionarily ancient form of host defense that serves to limit infection. The invading microorganisms are detected by the innate immune system through germline-encoded PRRs. Different classes of PRRs, including TLRs and cytoplasmic receptors, recognize distinct microbial components known collectively as PAMPs.

Mgl2 Is a Hypothetical Methyltransferase Involved in Exopolysaccharide Production, Biofilm Formation, and Motility in bv. .

In this study, functional characterization of the gene located near the Pss-I exopolysaccharide biosynthesis region in bv. TA1 is described. The hypothetical protein encoded by the gene was found to be similar to methyltransferases (MTases).

A Mutation in the Gene Alters the Physicochemical Properties of the Bacterial Cell Wall and Reduces Survival inside .

In our previous report, we had shown that the free-living amoeba influenced the abundance, competiveness, and virulence of NZP2213, the microsymbiont of agriculturally important plants of the genus . The molecular basis of this phenomenon; however, had not been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that , the -acetyltransferase encoding gene located in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis cluster of , was responsible for maintaining the protective capacity of the bacterial cell envelope, necessary for the bacteria to fight environmental stress and survive inside amoeba cells.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas hydrophila strain K691 containing 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose.

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas hydrophila strain K691 and studied by chemical methods and H and C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D H,H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, H-detected heteronuclear H,C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. It was found that the O-specific polysaccharide was built up of pentasaccharide repeating units composed of β-GlcpNAc, 2-O-acetylated α-Rhap, and β-Quip4NAc residues. The following structure of the OPS was established: →3)-α-l-Rha2OAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-l-Rha2OAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→2)-β-d-Qui4NAc-(1→.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from the legume endosymbiotic bacterium Ochrobactrum cytisi strain ESC1(T).

The O-specific polysaccharide was obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of the legume-endosymbiotic bacterium Ochrobactrum cytisi strain ESC1(T) and studied by chemical analyses and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was found to have a disaccharide repeating unit containing α-d-fucose and β-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine residues connected via (1→3)-glycosidic bonds, resulting in the following structure: →3)-α-d-Fucp-(1→3)-β-d-GalpNAc-(1→ The d-GalpNAc residue was nonstoichiometrically substituted with a 4-O-methyl group (∼10%) or with a 4,6-O-(1-carboxy)-ethylidene residue (pyruvyl group) (∼10%).

The O-specific polysaccharides from Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02(T) LPS contain 3-C-methyl-D-rhamnose.

The O-specific polysaccharides of Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02(T), a microsymbiont of Trifolium pratense, were obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical analyses, mass spectrometry, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including homonuclear ((1)H,(1)H DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY) and heteronuclear ((1)H,(13)C HSQC, HMQC, HMBC) experiments. It was revealed that α-D-rhamnose and β-3-C-methyl-D-rhamnose (evalose) were the only components of two identified O-polysaccharides. The major O-polysaccharide was found to consist of linear hexasaccharide repeating units, while the other minor one, is composed of disaccharide repeats.

Structural elucidation of the outer core tetrasaccharide isolated from the LPS of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain 24.

The outer core oligosaccharide (OS) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain 24 after Smith degradation and then studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with NMR and mass spectrometry methods. Negative-ion electrospray (ESI-MS) mass spectrum showed two molecular ions at m/z 686.

Growth and Survival of Mesorhizobium loti Inside Acanthamoeba Enhanced Its Ability to Develop More Nodules on Lotus corniculatus.

The importance of protozoa as environmental reservoirs of pathogens is well recognized, while their impact on survival and symbiotic properties of rhizobia has not been explored. The possible survival of free-living rhizobia inside amoebae could influence bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere of legume plants and the nodulation competitiveness of microsymbionts. Two well-characterized strains of Mesorhizobium: Mesorhizobium loti NZP2213 and Mesorhizobium huakuii symbiovar loti MAFF303099 were assayed for their growth ability within the Neff strain of Acanthamoeba castellanii.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas sobria strain Pt312.

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) obtained by mild-acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide from Aeromonas sobria strain Pt312 was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, 1H-detected 1H,13C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The sequence of the sugar residues was determined using 1H,1H NOESY and 1H,13C HMBC experiments. It was found that the OPS was built up of disaccharide repeating units composed of GlcpNAc and non-stoichiometrically O-acetylated Rhap residues, and had the structure.

Identification of unusual phospholipid fatty acyl compositions of Acanthamoeba castellanii.

Acanthamoeba are opportunistic protozoan pathogens that may lead to sight-threatening keratitis and fatal granulomatous encephalitis. The successful prognosis requires early diagnosis and differentiation of pathogenic Acanthamoeba followed by aggressive treatment regimen. The plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba consists of 25% phospholipids (PL).