Structural and mechanical analysis on mannuronate-rich alginate gels and xerogels beads based on Calcium, Copper and Zinc as crosslinkers.

Beads based on a mannuronate(M)-rich alginate (86 % M units) were prepared by adding the polysaccharide solution to a crosslinking bath containing different concentrations (0.5, 2 and 10 wt%) of XCl where X = Ca, Cu or Zn. Primarily focus was on Zn, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial capabilities.

PVDF Membrane Morphology-Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight and Preparation Temperature.

In this study, we successfully prepared nine non-woven, supported polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, using a phase inversion precipitation method, starting from a 15 wt % PVDF solution in -methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Various membrane morphologies were obtained by using (1) PVDF polymers, with diverse molecular weights ranging from 300 to 700 kDa, and (2) different temperature coagulation baths (20, 40, and 60 ± 2 °C) used for the film precipitation. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used for surface and cross-section morphology characterization.

Concentration and Fractionation of Polyphenols by Membrane Operations.

Background: This review aims to present the relevant background information and current research status in concentration of polyphenols using membrane technologies. The potential implementation of membrane separation to bioactive compounds like soluble phenolics from aqueous and organic solvent solutions is gaining increasing interest in the recent years. This review does not pretend to cover the abundant published literature on the subject, but to be representative for the observed tendencies in membrane processes applications for concentration of polyphenols derived from natural products.

Plasmonic-polymer hybrid hollow microbeads for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ultradetection.

Hybrid composites are known to add functionality to plasmonic nanomaterials. Although these substrates can be produced by common synthetic methods, the percentage of metal loaded into the functional material is usually small. Herein, we exploit a phase inversion precipitation method to incorporate large amounts of silver nanoparticles inside the polymeric matrix of polysulfone microbeads.

[The problems of food adulteration in the publications of a Warsaw pharmacist Alfons Bukowski (1858-1921)].

In the second half of the 19th century, the economic changes, industrial development and migration of the population from rural to urban areas in Europe, there was an increasing demand for cheap foodstuffs, which contributed to the growth of mass food production, as well as to the increase in adulteration of foodstuffs. In the Kingdom of Poland, the research on this problem was conducted by a Warsaw pharmacist and chemist, Alfons Bukowski (1858-1921), the author of the first Polish textbook on bromatology Podrqcznik do badania pokarmów (1884) ("A manual for food testing"). The methods and results of his research were published in magazines, among others, in "WiadomoSci Farmaceutyczne" ("Pharmasist News"), "Zdrowie" ("The Health") and "Czasopisma Towarzystwa Aptekarskiego" ("Journals of the Pharmasist Association").

[Lettuce, lactuca sp., as a medicinal plant in polish publications of the 19th century].

Mentions of lettuce Lactuca sp. that have appeared since antiquity contained similar information on its curative properties, but such properties were ascribed to different species or varieties. Apart from the wild and poisonous lettuce, also garden or common lettuce were identified as having curative action, and some publications lacked information enabling the precise identification of the lettuce in question.