Development of pancreatic islet cells in the extrahepatic bile ducts of rats with experimentally-induced metabolic syndrome.

Context: There is data about the existence of some endocrine cells in the epithelial layer of the bile duct in humans and rats.

Objective: We evaluated Ghrelin-, Insulin-, Glucagon- and Somatostatin-positive cells in peribiliary glands, mast cells, and nerve fibres.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were used for dietary manipulation with a 15% fructose solution for 12 weeks.

Effects of Electron Radiation on Serotonin Signaling and Reactivity of Rat Gastric Smooth Muscle.

Ionizing radiation in radiotherapy can disrupt cellular functions based on radiation type, energy, and dose. However, investigations on the effects of accelerated electrons, particularly on serotonin mediation, are limited. This study aimed to investigate changes in serotonin signal transduction (targeting 5-HT and 5-HT receptors) in gastric smooth muscle (SM) samples isolated from rats irradiated with accelerated electrons (linear accelerator Siemens Primus S/N 3561) and their effects on serotonin-induced reactions.

Strengthening CoViD-19 therapy via combinations of RAS modulators.

Evidence has accumulated that the pathology of CoViD-19 is strongly related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The blockage of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to downstream consequences such as increased vascular tone, extensive fibrosis and pronounced immune reactions. Different approaches to tackle the adverse viral effects by compensating the lost ACE2 function have been suggested.

Metabolic Disorders Induced by Fructosedrinking Water Affect Angiotensin II-mediated Intestinal Contractility in Male Wistar Rats.

Introduction: The high-fructose diet in rats has been reported to cause metabolic disorders such as impaired fasting glucose levels, in-sulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. This could lead to further complications, for instance, to the smooth muscle dysfunction.

Aim: The present study aimed at developing fructose-induced metabolic perturbations in rats and the investigation of their impact on angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle intestinal motility.

The bone hormones and their potential effects on glucose and energy metabolism.

The bones form the framework of our body. We know that bones protect our vital organs, regulate calcium and phosphorous homeostasis, and function as a site of erythropoiesis. More recently, however, the identification of bone hormones has allowed us to envision bones as endocrine organs too.

Low Protein Diets for Pregnant Women and Its Association with Insulin Secretion and Resistance.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 3.5% of pregnancies in England and Wales and continues to show an increase in incidence each year. GDM can lead to diabetes postpartum, it is associated with an increased perinatal risk, and an increase in neonatal mortality.

Hepatoprotective properties of Curcuma longa L. extract in bleomycin-induced chronic hepatotoxicity.

Curcuma longa L. (CLL) extract has previously been reported to alleviate liver damage. The current study examined the antioxidant activity of CLL by which the extract protects the liver against bleomycin (BLM)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Analysis of angiotensin II-Induced rat urinary bladder contractions in the presence of angiotensin II receptors blockers.

Objective: An application of a specific analysis on recordings obtained from urinary bladder (UB) preparations influenced with Angiotensin II (AngII) and AngII receptor (ATR) blockers was performed.

Methods: UB preparations were divided as follows: group 1 stimulated with AngII only; group 2:PD123319 (ATR type-2 blocker)+AngII; group 3:Losartan (ATR type-1 blocker)+AngII. The averaged time and force parameters of the contractions were processed by a spline interpolation and graphic images of the different patterns of the contractile activity were obtained.

Fructose-induced metabolic disturbances in rats and its impact on stomach endocrine cell number and smooth muscle contractility.

Gastric ghrelin-positive endocrine cells (GHR + EC) were most dense in the oxyntic mucosa. We evaluated ECs and contractile activity in rat stomach with metabolic disorders. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control ( = 9) received tap water and Fructose ( = 9) drank 15% fructose solution for 12 weeks.

Free radical reactions might contribute to severe alpha amanitin hepatotoxicity--a hypothesis.

Alpha amanitin is a powerful natural hepatotoxin that belongs to the amatoxins isolated from deadly poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. The basic molecular mechanism of their toxicity was attributed to inhibition of RNA polymerase II of the eukaryotic cells. At present, the most effective clinical antidote to acute Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning is silybin, an antioxidant possessing free radical scavenger activity and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, stabilizing membrane structure and protecting enzymes under conditions of oxidative stress.