The Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Value of High PD-1 Expression and the Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer.

Due to the development of molecular diagnostic techniques, the latest research in the diagnosis of cancer diseases, including laryngeal cancer, has been focused on the occurrence of specific types of molecular patterns, including markers expressed on cells of the immune system (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4), which may be directly or indirectly involved in the development of neoplastic diseases.

T-Lymphocyte Activation Is Correlated With the Presence of Anti-EBV in Patients With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Chronic viral infection is an important risk factor in the development of cancer. Failure of immune response to clear the oncogenic infection can facilitate cancer progression. The aim of the present study was to analyze early and late activation of T-lymphocytes related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection by the expression of markers of activation (CD69, CD25) on the surface of T-lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8) in patients bearing laryngeal cancer according to absence/presence immunoglobulin G antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA1).

Extra-Sinus Zygomatic Implants to Avoid Chronic Sinusitis and Prosthetic Arch Malposition: 12 Years of Experience.

This report retrospectively at the 12-year follow-up results of the treatment and rehabilitation of edentulous maxillae, applying extra-sinus zygomatic implants alone or in combination with intra-sinus zygomatic implants. We recruited 22 patients with 35 zygomatic Brånemark system implants; 24 implants in the standard Brånemark protocol through the sinus and 11 extra-sinus implants outside the sinus. Additionally, 147 regular implants were placed.