Electropolymerization processing of side-chain engineered EDOT for high performance microelectrode arrays.

Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) are popular tools for in vitro extracellular recording. They are often optimized by surface engineering to improve affinity with neurons and guarantee higher recording quality and stability. Recently, PEDOT:PSS has been used to coat microelectrodes due to its good biocompatibility and low impedance, which enhances neural coupling.

Analog programing of conducting-polymer dendritic interconnections and control of their morphology.

Although materials and processes are different from biological cells', brain mimicries led to tremendous achievements in parallel information processing via neuromorphic engineering. Inexistent in electronics, we emulate dendritic morphogenesis by electropolymerization in water, aiming in operando material modification for hardware learning. Systematic study of applied voltage-pulse parameters details on tuning independently morphological aspects of micrometric dendrites': fractal number, branching degree, asymmetry, density or length.

PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors for electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing down to single cells.

The adhesion of cells on organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) is investigated down to a single cell resolution using an impedimetric readout method of the transistors. For this purpose a fabrication protocol for micro-sized OECTs based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) was developed. OECTs with gate dimensions of 20 μm × 20 μm with cut-off frequencies up to 10 kHz at -3 dB were fabricated.

PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistor arrays for extracellular electrophysiological sensing of cardiac cells.

Electrophysiological biosensors embedded in planar devices represent a state of the art approach to measure and evaluate the electrical activity of biological systems. This measurement method allows for the testing of drugs and their influences on cells or tissues, cytotoxicity, as well as the direct implementation into biological systems in vivo for signal transduction. Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) with metal or metal-like electrodes on glass substrates are one of the most common, well-established platforms for this purpose.

Human T cells monitored by impedance spectrometry using field-effect transistor arrays: a novel tool for single-cell adhesion and migration studies.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in the immune system by recognizing and eliminating pathogen-infected and tumorigenic cells. In order to achieve their function, T cells have to migrate throughout the whole body and identify the respective targets. In conventional immunology studies, interactions between CTLs and targets are usually investigated using tedious and time-consuming immunofluorescence imaging.