Willd., Source of Antioxidants with Diverse Chemical Structures.

Ethanolic extracts from the roots and aerial parts of the hitherto chemically uninvestigated lettuce species Willd. (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) were chromatographically separated to obtain eight sesquiterpenoids, two apocarotenoids (loliolide and (6,9) roseoside), and three phenolic glucosides (apigenin 7--glucoside, eugenyl-4---glucopyranoside, and 5-methoxyeugenyl-4---glucopyranoside). Four of the isolated sesquiterpene lactones (8--angeloyloxyleucodin, matricarin, 15-deoxylactucin, and deacetylmatricarin 8--glucopyranoside) have not previously been found either in spp.

Composition and Activities of Franch. & Sav. Essential Oils.

, a species native to China, Korea, Japan, and Russia, has been used medicinally in the countries of its origin. Though mono- and sesquiterpenoids are known constituents of , the complete analysis of essential oils produced by the roots and aerial parts of the plant has not been published until now. The present study discloses considerable differences in the composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils distilled from roots and shoots of .

Selectivity Screening and Structure-Cytotoxic Activity Observations of Selected Oleanolic Acid (OA)-Type Saponins from the Amaranthaceae Family on a Wiade Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines.

Plants from the Amaranthaceae family are a source of oleanolic acid (OA)-type saponins with cytotoxic activity. Two known OA-type saponins, calenduloside E and chikusetsusaponin IVa, were isolated from the roots of Roth. Their structures were confirmed using MS and NMR techniques.

Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review.

Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites that demonstrate biological activities essential to plant-environment interactions. They are of interest to plant food consumers, as well as to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The class of the plant metabolites comprises both widespread (chlorogenic acids, luteolin, quercetin) and unique compounds of diverse chemical structures but of the common biosynthetic origin.

Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants: Simple Phenolics, Phenolic Acids, Phenylethanoids, and Hydroxycinnamates.

Plant-derived antioxidants are intrinsic components of human diet and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stresses in both plants and humans. They are being used as food preservatives and additives or ingredients of cosmetics. For nearly forty years, -transformed roots (hairy roots) have been studied in respect to their usability as producers of plant specialized metabolites of different, primarily medical applications.

Constituents of and Cytotoxic Activities of Two Methoxylated Flavonols.

Plants of the genus Pulicaria are known for providing traditional medicines, spices, herbal teas, and insect deterrents. Pulicaria inuloides (Poir.).

Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts from : In Vitro- versus Field-Grown Plants.

Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc. is a plant species rich in terpenoids of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity, especially germacranolides of potential medicinal value.

Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Polyphenolic Antioxidants: Flavonoids, Stilbenoids and Hydrolyzable Tannins.

Due to their chemical properties and biological activity, antioxidants of plant origin have gained interest as valuable components of the human diet, potential food preservatives and additives, ingredients of cosmetics and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stress. Plant polyphenols are the most prominent and extensively studied, albeit not only group of, secondary plant (specialized) metabolites manifesting antioxidative activity. Because of their potential economic importance, the productive and renewable sources of the compounds are desirable.

From Monographs to Chromatograms: The Antimicrobial Potential of L. (Elecampane) Naturalised in Ireland.

With antimicrobial resistance rising globally, the exploration of alternative sources of candidate molecules is critical to safeguard effective chemotherapeutics worldwide. Plant natural products are accessible, structurally diverse compounds with antimicrobial potential. The pharmacological applications of plants in medicine can be guided by the attestation of traditional use, as demonstrated in this study.

New Polyesterified Ursane Derivatives from Leaves of and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

A. DC. (Primulaceae) is a plant species that has been frequently used by practitioners of the traditional ethnobotany knowledge from northern and central Vietnam.

Neuroprotective Properties of Kempferol Derivatives from against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage: An Association with Cathepsin D Inhibition and PI3K/Akt Activation.

As components of the human diet with potential health benefits, flavonols are the subject of numerous studies, confirming their antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Taking into consideration the postulated pathogenesis of certain CNS dysfunctions characterized by neuronal degradation, flavonols may prevent the decay of neurons in multiple pathways. Leaves of yielded several flavonol glycosides including α-rhamnoisorobin (kaempferol 7-α-rhamnoside) and kaempferitrin (kaempferol 3,7-di--α-rhamnoside).

The contribution of phenolics to the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract from Bolivian coriander (Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale).

Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale is a food product used for seasoning in Central and Southern America. The present research aimed to investigate the chemical composition of an extract prepared from aerial parts of P.

Germacranolides from : Some New Data on Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

Sieb. & Zucc., a traditional medicinal plant used as an inflammation-relieving remedy, is a rich source of terpenoids.

Chemical constituents from (L.) Gren. & Godr. (Asteraceae).

This is the first report concerning the natural products of the hitherto unstudied (L.) Gren. & Godr.

Composition of Essential Oils from Roots and Aerial Parts of and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities.

L., one of the two species occurring in Europe, in the Far East and India, found use as a vegetable and a traditional medicinal remedy for several ailments. In the present study, compositions of essential oils distilled from roots and shoots of plants, cultivated in the open field, have been studied by GC-MS-FID supported by NMR spectroscopy.

Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference?

The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of var. cv. Grüner Stern.

Neuroprotective Effects of Methyl Caffeate against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Damage: Involvement of Caspase 3 and Cathepsin D Inhibition.

Finding effective neuroprotective strategies to combat various neurodegenerative disorders still remain a clinically unmet need. Methyl caffeate (MC), a naturally occurring ester of caffeic acid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its role in neuroprotection is less investigated. In order to better characterize neuroprotective properties of MC, we tested its effectiveness in various models of neuronal cell injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in mouse primary neuronal cell cultures.

Constituents of (L.) Anderb. (Inuleae), and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 7,10-Diisobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl Isobutyrate.

(L.) Anderb., a rare plant from the north of Italy, is a member of the Inuleae-Inulinae subtribe of the Asteraceae.

A new sesquiterpenoid and further natural products from Kirschner & Štěpánek, an endangered species.

The chemical studies of roots and aerial parts of Kirschner & Štěpánek, a member of the section Palustria (H. Lindb.) Dahlst.

Composition of Essential Oils from Roots and Aerial Parts of , a Traditional Herbal Medicine and Wild Edible Plant from South-East Asia, Grown in Poland.

Sieb. and Zucc. has long been used both as traditional medicine and seasonal food.

Sieb. & Zucc. Revisited: Newly Identified Constituents from Aerial Parts of the Plant and Their Possible Contribution to the Biological Activity of the Plant.

Sieb. & Zucc. has a long history of use as both a medicinal and a food plant.

Eupatoriopicrin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils via Suppression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha Production and p38 and ERK 1/2 MAP Kinases.

During chronic inflammation, neutrophils acting locally as effector cells not only activate antibacterial defense but also promote the inflammatory response. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), the main cytokine produced by activated neutrophils, positively correlates with the severity of respiratory tract diseases. By screening European plants traditionally used for treating respiratory tract diseases, we found that extracts of aerial parts of Eupatorium cannabinum inhibit IL-8 release from neutrophils.

Major terpenoids from flowers and their cytotoxic activity .

In addition to known constituents of , an acetone extract from ray florets of the plant yielded: 5,5'-dibutoxy-2,2'-bifuran (), 5,5'-diisobutoxy-2,2'-bifuran (), α-tocopherol (), β-tocopherol (), loliolide palmitate (), a mixture of calenduladiol esters - 16β-hydroxylupeol-3-O-palmitate () and 16β-hydroxylupeol-3-O-myristate (), 1-epiinuviscolide (), inuviscolide (), 3-epiisotelekin (), 4α-hydroxy-9β,10β-epoxy-1β(H)-11(13)-guaien-8α,12-olide (), 4α-hydroxy-1β(H)-9(10),11(13)-guaiadien-8α,12-olide (), loliolide () and 4β,10β-dihydroxy-1α(H),5α(H)-11(13)-guaien-8α,12-olide (). Calenduladiol esters and asperilin () were the major constituents of the extract. Their cytotoxic effect on human normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT-2), human prostate carcinoma cell lines, human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human melanoma cell lines was examined .

Does co-inoculation of Lactuca serriola with endophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve plant growth in a polluted environment?

Phytoremediation of polluted sites can be improved by co-inoculation with mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. In this study, the effects of single- and co-inoculation of Lactuca serriola with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and endophytic fungi, Mucor sp. or Trichoderma asperellum, on plant growth, vitality, toxic metal accumulation, sesquiterpene lactone production and flavonoid concentration in the presence of toxic metals were evaluated.

Long-term cultured hairy roots of chicory-a rich source of hydroxycinnamates and 8-deoxylactucin glucoside.

A 12-year-old hairy root culture of Cichorium intybus L., a callus culture of the plant as well as roots and leaves of a wild plant of chicory, and roots of two C. intybus L.