Epigenetic dysregulation of genes related to synaptic long-term depression among adolescents with depressive disorder and sleep symptoms.

Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sleep and depression have independent effects on brain development and plasticity in adolescents, and that these changes are reflected in changes in the epigenome.

Methods: Participants were 17 medication-free adolescent boys (age 16.05 ± 0.

Trends in self-reported sleep problems, tiredness and related school performance among Finnish adolescents from 1984 to 2011.

The aim of this study was to investigate long-term trends in insomnia symptoms, tiredness and school performance among Finnish adolescents. A time-series from 1984 to 2011 was analysed from two large-scale survey studies, the Finnish School Health Promotion Study and the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study. A total of 1,136,583 adolescents aged 11-18 years answered a standardized questionnaire assessing frequency of insomnia symptoms, tiredness and school performance.

[Chronobiological treatments of mood disorders].

Chronobiological treatments are non-pharmacological treatments that influence the circadian rhythms and the physiology of sleep. In these treatments, the sleep-wake cycle and exposure to environmental stimuli affecting the biological rhythms are controlled. The aim is to produce a therapeutic effect in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

The relationship between mood and sleep in different female reproductive states.

Background: Sleep is disrupted in depressed subjects, but it also deteriorates with age and possibly with the transition to menopause. The nature of interaction between mood, sleep, age and reproductive state is not well-defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mood and sleep among healthy women in different reproductive states.

Sleep in conduct-disordered adolescents--a polysomnographic and spectral power analysis study.

The aim of the present study was to characterize sleep in conduct-disordered adolescents using polysomnography and spectral power analysis. The two hypotheses were that conduct disorder would be associated with objective sleep problems, and that conduct disorder--as a precursor of adult antisocial personality disorder--would be associated with the same kind of abnormal sleep architecture, with both increased deep sleep and delta power, as previously reported in antisocial personality disorder. The patients consisted of 15 adolescents (age range 13-17 years, mean age 14.

Sleep architecture in homicidal women with antisocial personality disorder--a preliminary study.

The aim of the present study was to characterize sleep in severely violent women with antisocial personality disorder (ASP) as the primary diagnosis. Participants for this preliminary study were three drug-free female offenders ordered to undergo a forensic mental examination in a maximum security state mental hospital after committing homicide or attempted homicide. Ten healthy age- and gender-matched controls consisted of hospital staff with no history of physical violence.

Hormone treatment gives no benefit against cognitive changes caused by acute sleep deprivation in postmenopausal women.

The objective was to evaluate whether hormone therapy (HT) gives any benefit against the possible impairment of cognitive performance when challenged by acute sleep deprivation. Twenty postmenopausal women volunteered (age range 59-72 years, mean=64.4 years, SD=4.

Local energy depletion in the basal forebrain increases sleep.

Sleep saves energy, but can brain energy depletion induce sleep? We used 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a molecule which prevents the synthesis of ATP, to induce local energy depletion in the basal forebrain of rats. Three-hour DNP infusions induced elevations in extracellular concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and adenosine, as well as increases in non-REM sleep during the following night. Sleep was not affected when DNP was administered to adjacent brain areas, although the metabolic changes were similar.