Associations between physicians' personal preferences for end-of-life decisions and their own clinical practice: PROPEL survey study in Europe, North America, and Australia.

Background: Physicians have significant influence on end-of-life decisions. Therefore, it is important to understand the connection between physicians' personal end-of-life care preferences and clinical practice, and whether there is congruence between what they prefer for themselves and for patients.

Aim: Study to what extent physicians believe their personal end-of-life preferences impact their clinical practice and to what extent physicians' personal treatment option preferences differ from what they prefer for their patients.

Ethics and health policy of dialyzing a patient in a persistent vegetative state.

Each year, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in approximately 300,000 Americans. Of these patients, less than 10% survive. Survivors often live with neurologic impairments that neurologists classify as anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (AIE).

Methemoglobinemia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia should be considered in patients presenting with cyanosis and hypoxia. A variety of frequently used medications are capable of inducing methemoglobinemia, with dapsone and benzocaine being common culprits. Unique features, such as a saturation gap and chocolate-brown-colored blood, can raise suspicion for methemoglobinemia.

Symptomatic-low grade methemoglobinemia because of dapsone: a multiple hit hypothesis.

Methemoglobinemia occurs when hemoglobin is oxidized to form methemoglobin (MetHb) rendering it incapable of oxygen transport and leading to tissue hypoxia. Typically, protective mechanisms keep MetHb levels below 1%, but a variety of compounds are capable of inducing methemoglobinemia including dapsone. Normally, symptoms correlate with MetHb level and treatment with methylene blue is reserved for patients with significantly elevated MetHb levels.

Neurobehavioral effects of amantadine after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a dopamine agonist, amantadine hydrochloride (AMH), in the treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of pediatric TBI.

Procedures: Age- and severity-matched traumatic brain injury groups, randomized to AMH (n = 17) or usual care (n = 10), completed behavior scales and neuropsychological tests. Effect sizes measured the treatment effect within subjects and between groups.

Feasibility of generating adeno-associated virus packaging cell lines containing inducible adenovirus helper genes.

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector system is based on nonpathogenic and helper-virus-dependent parvoviruses. The vector system offers safe, efficient, and long-term in vivo gene transfer in numerous tissues. Clinical trials using AAV vectors have demonstrated vector safety as well as efficiency.