Colonic transit studies and colonic manometry in pediatric constipation.

Objectives: In a subgroup of children with refractory constipation, colonic function investigations, such as colonic transit scintigraphy (CS) and colonic manometry (CM), are used to define the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. There are limited studies comparing colonic transit and contractile function. We aimed to correlate CS and CM and assess whether specific manometric patterns might predict the luminal transit findings.

Drugs in focus: Botulinum toxin in the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in children.

What Is Known: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) causes muscle relaxation by inhibiting acetylcholine release from presynaptic motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction.

What Is New: In children with achalasia, BoNT can be considered only in patients in whom rapid weight gain is important to improve surgical outcomes. BoNT has been suggested for treating cricopharyngeal achalasia and delayed gastric emptying.

Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders.

Normal and optimal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is paramount to ensure optimal nutrition through digestion, absorption and motility function. Disruptions in these functions can lead to adverse physiological symptoms, reduced quality of life and increased nutritional risk. When disruption or dysfunction of neuromuscular function occurs, motility disorders can be classified depending on whether coordination or strength/velocity of peristalsis are predominantly impacted.

Taxonomic Diversity and Functional Traits of Soil Bacterial Communities under Radioactive Contamination: A Review.

Studies investigating the taxonomic diversity and structure of soil bacteria in areas with enhanced radioactive backgrounds have been ongoing for three decades. An analysis of data published from 1996 to 2024 reveals changes in the taxonomic structure of radioactively contaminated soils compared to the reference, showing that these changes are not exclusively dependent on contamination rates or pollutant compositions. High levels of radioactive exposure from external irradiation and a high radionuclide content lead to a decrease in the alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities, both in laboratory settings and environmental conditions.

The role of high-resolution impedance manometry to identify rumination syndrome in children with unexplained foregut symptoms.

Objectives: Diagnosis of rumination syndrome (RS) relies on Rome IV criteria. Oesophageal high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) can objectively demonstrate the episodes of rumination, but its role in the diagnostic pathway is not yet established. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical contribution of this tool for the timely diagnosis of RS and diagnostic work-up of children with unexplained foregut symptoms deemed to be due to other conditions.

Dose-Dependent Effect of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Gene Overexpression on Radioresistance of HEK293T Cells.

Over the last two decades, a multitude of gain-of-function studies have been conducted on genes that encode antioxidative enzymes, including one of the key enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (). The results of such studies are often contradictory, as they strongly depend on many factors, such as the gene overexpression level. In this study, the effect of altering the ectopic expression level of major transcript variants of the gene on the radioresistance of HEK293T cells was investigated using CRISPRa technology.

Recent advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in children.

Introduction: Pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders represent some of the most challenging clinical conditions with largely undefined pathogenetic pathways and therefore limited therapeutic options. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent advances in treatment options for these disorders and their clinical impact.

Areas Covered: PubMed and Medline databases were searched for relevant articles related to the treatment of achalasia, esophageal atresia, gastroparesis, PIPO and constipation published between 2017 and 2022.

Management of acute sloughing of the esophageal lining in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-A series of six pediatric patients.

Background: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a subtype of an inherited skin disorder characterized by skin and mucosal fragility due to collagen VII (COL7A1) gene mutations. Esophageal strictures leading to chronic dysphagia and acute episodes are well recognized complications within this subtype. Sloughing of esophageal mucosa and the treatment of this emergency have heretofore received limited attention in the EB literature.

Small Bowel Transit Scintigraphy in Children With Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.

Introduction: Objective evidence of small intestinal dysmotility is a key criterion for the diagnosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO). Small bowel scintigraphy (SBS) allows for objective measurement of small bowel transit (SBT), but limited data are available in children. We aimed to evaluate the utility of SBS in children suspected of gastrointestinal dysmotility.

Identification of Iatrogenic Perforation in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Objectives: Iatrogenic viscus perforation in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a very rare, yet potentially life-threatening event. There are no evidence-based recommendations relating to immediate post-procedure follow-up to identify perforations and allow for timely management. This study aims to characterize the presentation of children with post-GIE perforation to better rationalize post-procedure recommendations.

Optimizing nutrition IN pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome.

Background: Pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a variety of rare, heterogeneous, and disabling disorders that severely affect gastrointestinal motility and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. PIPO management is complex and focuses on maintaining an optimal nutritional status, improving gut function, relieving symptoms, and treating complications. Nutritional issues prevail, and PIPO patients often experience severe undernutrition and faltering growth.

Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells.

Radium uptake by earthworms E. fetida after exposure to contaminated soil.

Radium-226 is one of the most important radionuclides for assessing the radiation exposure in terrestrial ecosystems in terms of its significant contribution to the internal and total dose rates. A laboratory culture of Eisenia fetida was exposed to soil contaminated with Ra and U during two months. These nuclides entered the soil as a result of industrial radium production (Vodny, Komi Republic, Russia).

Intra- and Inter-observer Agreement of High Resolution Antroduodenal Manometry in Pediatric Patients Among Single Center Experts.

Objectives: Studies in adults have suggested that high-resolution technology increases the diagnostic yield of antroduodenal manometry (ADM). However, there is no study comparing high-resolution with low-resolution ADM recordings as well as comparing the 2 types of high-resolution display [conventional line plot (CLP) and pressure topographic plots (PTP)]. We hypothesized that high-resolution ADM is a superior diagnostic modality with higher inter-observer and intra-observer agreement compared with low-resolution recordings.

Radiation exposure and risk assessment to earthworms in areas contaminated with naturally occurring radionuclides.

The assessment of radiation exposure on biota is one of the main parts of environment protection system. Earthworms have been recognized as an important organism group in the terrestrial ecosystems. According to many researchers the potential risks of naturally occurring radionuclides for soil invertebrates were not significant because the exposure doses to the invertebrate populations were low.

Combination of HLA-DQ2/-DQ8 Haplotypes and a Single MSH5 Gene Variant in a Polish Population of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes as a First Line Screening for Celiac Disease?

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for developing celiac disease (CD). The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of celiac-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype and the rs3130484 variant of MSH5 gene, a previously described non-HLA variant associated with CD in the Polish population as a first-line screening for CD in T1D pediatric patients. Serological CD screening performed in the T1D group ( = 248) and healthy controls ( = 551) allowed for CD recognition in 20 patients (8.

Could I-FABP Be an Early Marker of Celiac Disease in Children with Type 1 Diabetes? Retrospective Study from the Tertiary Reference Centre.

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk of celiac disease (CD). Recently, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) has been shown to be a serological biomarker of impaired intestinal barrier in CD. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify whether I-FABP could be an early marker of CD in pediatric T1D patients.

Colonic Function Investigations in Children: Review by the ESPGHAN Motility Working Group.

Disorders of colonic motility, most often presenting as constipation, comprise one of the commonest causes of outpatient visits in pediatric gastroenterology. This review, discussed and created by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Motility Working Group, is a practical guide, which highlights the recent advances in pediatric colonic motility testing including indications, technical principles of the tests, patient preparation, performance and basis of the results' analysis of the tests. classical methods, such as colonic transit time (cTT) with radiopaque markers and colonic scintigraphy, as well as manometry and novel techniques, such as wireless motility capsule and electromagnetic capsule tracking systems are discussed.

Transpyloric propagation and liquid gastric emptying in children with foregut dysmotility.

Background/objectives: Gastric emptying (GE) requires precise antropyloroduodenal coordination for effective transpyloric flow, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. We aimed to correlate gastric antral function assessed by antroduodenal manometry (ADM) with GE scintigraphy (GES) for liquid feeds in children with suspected gastrointestinal dysmotility.

Methods: Children who underwent both ADM and GES over a five-year period were reviewed.

Enhancing the utility of antroduodenal manometry in pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Background: Antroduodenal manometry (ADM) and histopathology are currently employed to aid the diagnosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO). Limited data are available on the reliability of ADM analysis and its correlation with histopathology. We aimed to develop a protocol for enhanced analysis of ADM contractile patterns, including a scoring system, and explore whether this provided better correlation with histopathology.

Pharmacological interventions for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits in terms of both frequency and consistency. According to change in stool consistency it is categorized into 4 subtypes. From the etiological perspective, it is a combination of factors takes part in symptoms' generation, the overall treatment response rate is often unsatisfactory if a multidisciplinary is not pursued.