Environmental Temperature Variation Affects Brain Lipid Composition in Adult Zebrafish ().

This study delves deeper into the impact of environmental temperature variations on the nervous system in teleost fish. Previous research has demonstrated that exposing adult zebrafish () to 18 °C and 34 °C for 4 or 21 days induces behavioural changes compared to fish kept at a control temperature of 26 °C, suggesting alterations in the nervous system. Subsequent studies revealed that these temperature conditions also modify brain protein expression, indicating potential neurotoxic effects.

Quantitative Computed Tomography and Response to Pronation in COVID-19 ARDS.

Background: The use of prone position (PP) has been widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas it has demonstrated benefits, including improved oxygenation and lung aeration, the factors influencing the response in terms of gas exchange to PP remain unclear. In particular, the association between baseline quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan results and gas exchange response to PP in invasively ventilated subjects with COVID-19 ARDS is unknown.

An integrated approach to explore the microbial biodiversity of natural milk cultures for cheesemaking.

The use of natural milk culture (NMC) represents a key factor in Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Montasio cheese, contributing to its distinctive sensory profile. The complex microbial ecosystem of NMC is the result of heat treatment and incubation conditions, which can vary considerably among different production plants. In this study, the microbiota of NMC collected from 10 PDO Montasio cheese dairies was investigated by employing colony counts and metagenomic analysis.

Integrating Genomic and Chromosomal Data: A Cytogenetic Study of (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with Characterization of a ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System.

The plecos (Loricariidae) fish represent a great model for cytogenetic investigations due to their variety of karyotypes, including diploid and polyploid genomes, and different types of sex chromosomes. In this study we investigate a rare loricariid endemic to Ecuador, integrating cytogenetic methods with specimens' molecular identification by mtDNA, to describe the the species karyotype. We aim to verify whether sex chromosomes are cytologically identifiable and if they are associated with the accumulation of repetitive sequences present in other species of the family.

Occurrence of Sex Chromosomes in Fish of the Genus with a New Description of Multiple Sex Chromosomes in the Ecuadorian Endemic (Loricariidae).

Kner, 1854, is the most diverse genus among the Ancistrini (Loricariidae) with 70 valid species showing a wide geographic distribution and great taxonomic and systematic complexity. To date, about 40 taxa have been karyotyped, all from Brazil and Argentina, but the statistic is uncertain because 30 of these reports deal with samples that have not yet been identified at the species level. This study provides the first cytogenetic description of the bristlenose catfish, Rendahl, 1937, a species endemic to Ecuador, aiming to verify whether a sex chromosome system is identifiable in the species and, if so, which, and if its differentiation is associated with the presence of repetitive sequences reported for other species of the family.

Phylogeography of (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae): Complex Genetic Structure, Clues to a New Cryptic Species and Further Insights into Roaches Phylogeny.

Italy hosts a large number of endemic freshwater fish species due to complex geological events which promoted genetic differentiation and allopatric speciation. Among them, the South European roach inhabits various freshwater environments in three different ichthyogeographic districts. We investigated the genetic diversity of using two different mitochondrial markers (COI and CR), aiming to define its relationship with other similar taxa from the Balkan area and, from a phylogeographic perspective, test the effects of past hydrogeological dynamics of Italian river basins on its genetic structure and demographic history.

Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human-mediated introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout.

The extraordinary polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen-mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analyzed adaptive (MHC-DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout ( complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene).

Fish Cytogenetics: Present and Future.

Fish is the most species-rich class of vertebrates, including a number of species that correspond to about half of the total vertebrates [...

Retrospective survey from vascular access team Lombardy net in COVID-19 era.

Background: Venous Access Devices (VADs) are the most used devices in COVID-19 patients.

Objective: Identify VADs implanted, catheter related thrombosis (CRT), catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and accidental remove of VADs in both COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 free patients. Successive analysis was conducted comparing COVID-19 positive patients with COVID-19 free with inverse probability propensity score weights using simple regression to account for these two confounders (peripheral tip as central/peripheral and hospitalization as no/yes).

Guidance on the use of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern approach in food safety assessment.

The Scientific Committee confirms that the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) is a pragmatic screening and prioritisation tool for use in food safety assessment. This Guidance provides clear step-by-step instructions for use of the TTC approach. The inclusion and exclusion criteria are defined and the use of the TTC decision tree is explained.

Sex Chromosomes and Internal Telomeric Sequences in (Richardson 1844) (Eleotridae: Eleotrinae): An Insight into their Origin in the Genus.

The freshwater fish species , commonly named the Pacific fat sleeper, is an important food resource in CentralSouth America, yet almost no genetic information on it is available. A cytogenetic analysis of this species was undertaken by standard and molecular techniques (chromosomal mapping of 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and telomeric repeats), aiming to describe the karyotype features, verify the presence of sex chromosomes described in congeneric species, and make inferences on chromosome evolution in the genus. The karyotype (2n = 46) is mainly composed of metacentric and submetacentic chromosomes, with nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) localized on the short arms of submetacentric pair 10.

Molecular Analysis and Chromosome Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in the Green Terror (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini).

Neotropical cichlids include hundreds of species whose taxonomy has benefited of molecular phylogeny and whose karyotype evolution has been related to the amount and distribution of different classes of repetitive sequences. This study provides the first integrative molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S sequences) and cytogenetic analyses of wild samples of the green terror , a cichlid naturally distributed in Ecuador and spread throughout the world as an aquarium pet. Molecular data revealed that sequences of green terror constitute a single monophyletic clade within the genus and allowed species attribution of uncertain samples previously cytogenetically analyzed.

Hard topological versus soft geometrical magnetic particle transport.

The question of how a dissipative geometrical transport system changes towards a topological transport system is important to render a fragile transport into a robust transport. We show how a macroscopic magnetic topological transport of solid state spheres changes to a geometrical transport of ferrofluid droplets, when instead of a solid state object, soft matter is transported. The key difference when comparing solid objects with fluid droplets is the possibility to split a ferrofluid droplet into two droplets.

Primary and Secondary Breast Lymphoma: Focus on Epidemiology and Imaging Features.

Aim of this study was to select all the cases of Primary (PBL) and Secondary (SBL) Breast Lymphoma from our breast unit since 01/01/2000, to obtain up-to-date data on the prevalence of this rare pathology and to analyze imaging features, with a special focus on CT. All pathological reports of breast biopsies performed from 01/01/2000 to 01/01/2019 were at first screened. Among them, we performed two different researches, looking for key words suggesting either a diagnosis of lymphoma or any other malignant disease.

Intensive multidisciplinary management in critical care patients affected by severe necrotizing soft tissue infections: a cooperative method to improve the efficacy of treatment.

To illustrate the effectiveness of our intensive multidisciplinary management (IMM) in the treatment of severely ill patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). A retrospective observational study was conducted in a general ICU. Thirty-two consecutive patients undergoing IMM were carefully compared with 30 consecutive patients receiving a standard management (SM).

Chromosomal polymorphism and molecular variability in the pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Labriformes, Labridae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications.

The pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) is a sedentary benthic species distributed in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Previous cytogenetic analysis reported different diploid numbers in samples from Italy, Venezuela and Brazil. This research aims to test the hypothesis that samples from American Atlantic coast and Mediterranean Sea belong to the same single evolutionary lineage, characterized by intra-specific chromosome polymorphism.

Prognostic value of cardiac troponin I assay in hospitalized elderly patients.

Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has been poorly studied in elderly inpatients.

Aim: This study wanted to assess factors influencing the increase in cTnI and its prognostic value in hospitalized elderly patients.

Methods: 354 elderly (mean age of 84.

Identification of a New Mullet Species Complex Based on an Integrative Molecular and Cytogenetic Investigation of (Mugilidae: Mugiliformes).

Mullets are very common fishes included in the family Mugilidae, (Mugiliformes), which are characterized by both a remarkably uniform external morphology and internal anatomy. Recently, within this family, different species complexes were molecularly identified within , a genus which is characterized by lineages that sometimes show very different karyotypes. Here we report the results of cytogenetic and molecular analyses conducted on , commonly known as the hospe mullet, from Ecuador.

The species complex (Pisces, Mugilidae): a new karyotype for the Pacific white mullet mitochondrial lineage.

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that the Valenciennes, 1836 species complex includes Hancock, 1830, (Jordan & Starks, 1896) and at least four "" mitochondrial lineages, considered as cryptic species. The cytogenetic data on some representatives of the species complex have shown a high cytogenetic diversity. This research reports the results of cytogenetic and molecular analyses of white mullet collected in Ecuador.

[Scientific editors in Italy: identity, certification and roles.].

This study is developed as part of the activities of the Italian Chapter of the European Association of Science Editors (EASE) with the aim to provide an overview of the Italian scientific publishing in biomedicine and highlight the need for professional training and certification. Even at European and international level, in fact, there is a general lack of training and accreditation programs for the certification of professional editors. After defining the editor's role (term that in the Italian language has a certain degree of ambiguity) and the different professionals involved in the publication process, the paper analyzes the biomedical production in Italy, reporting the results of a survey on professional associations, institutions, scientific societies, and others.

Biobankers: Treat the Poison of Invisibility with CoBRA, a Systematic Way of Citing Bioresources in Journal Articles.

Even though an increasing portion of biomedical research today relies on the use of bioresources, at present biobankers are not able to trace this use in scientific literature and measure its impact with a variety of citation metrics. The "BRIF (Bioresource Research Impact Factor) and journal editors" subgroup was created precisely with the aim to study this issue and to build a standardized system to cite bioresources in journal articles. This report aims at presenting a guideline for Citation of BioResources in journal Articles (CoBRA).

Toxicity testing in the 21st century beyond environmental chemicals.

After the publication of the report titled Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century - A Vision and a Strategy, many initiatives started to foster a major paradigm shift for toxicity testing - from apical endpoints in animal-based tests to mechanistic endpoints through delineation of pathways of toxicity (PoT) in human cell based systems. The US EPA has funded an important project to develop new high throughput technologies based on human cell based in vitro technologies. These methods are currently being incorporated into the chemical risk assessment process.