Factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth in nulliparous women: A descriptive systematic review.

Problem: Spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB) rates for nulliparous women are declining internationally.

Background: There is inadequate understanding of factors affecting this trend overall and limited large-scale responses to improve women's opportunity to birth spontaneously.

Aim: To undertake a descriptive systematic review identifying factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth at term, in nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy.

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Short-Term Glycaemic Control, Serum Level of Key Mediator in Hypoxia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes-An Exploratory Case Study.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with hyperglycaemia-induced hypoxia and inflammation. This study assessed the effects of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on glycaemia (BG) and serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an essential mediator of adaptive response to hypoxia in T1D patients. The macronutrient intake was also evaluated.

Determinants of nutrition practice and food choice in UK construction workers.

The workplace is considered an effective setting for health and wellbeing interventions, including programmes focusing on nutrition, and provides opportunities to tailor programmes to meet the specific needs of industry and employees. This study explored nutrition practices amongst construction workers and managers to inform the design of a nutrition intervention. Five focus groups were conducted on three construction sites: two with managers (n = 11) and three with workers (n = 27).

Moderate intensity exercise in hypoxia increases IGF-1 bioavailability and serum irisin in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of moderate intensity continuous exercise (Ex) and hypoxia (Hyp) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), irisin and cytokines levels in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A total of 14 individuals with T1D (age: 28.7 ± 7.

Long-Term Health Outcomes Associated With an Exercise Referral Scheme: An Observational Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.

Background: Exercise referral schemes (ERSs) support inactive adults, who have chronic health conditions, to become physically active. Uncertainty exists regarding the effectiveness of ERSs, with few studies evaluating their long-term impact. The aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term impact (12 mo) of participation in an ERS on self-reported physical activity (PA) and a range of health-related outcomes.

[Not Available].

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of continuous and intermittent exercise in hypoxia on glycaemic control and selected markers of vascular function in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: 12 patients suffering from T1D for 12.1±6.

Fish oil supplementation, resting blood flow and markers of cellular metabolism during incremental exercise.

Dietary supplementation of fish oils (n-3 PUFA) have been observed to affect insulin action and hence metabolism, affecting the ability to carry out work. Here we examine the effects of fish oil supplementation in conjunction with a glucose load during exertion, on markers of substrate utilization. A pre-test, post-test design was performed on ten healthy young males to assess the effects of 4 weeks fish oil supplementation on muscle metabolism during incremental exertion.

Nutritional recommendations for competing in the Ironman triathlon.

The Ironman triathlon is an ultraendurance event that requires specific training and individually tailored nutritional practice. Carbohydrate depletion and dehydration are likely causes of fatigue, yet hyponatremia has been highlighted as a major concern during such events. As a consequence, triathletes are recommended to evaluate fluid losses during practice sessions and develop personal fluid replacement programs to ensure fluid balance.

The effect of nutritional manipulation on ultra-endurance performance: a case study.

The Atlantic Rowing Race requires teams of two to cover 3,000 nautical miles over 40-90 days. During this ultra-endurance event, competitors require substantial energy intake to meet metabolic requirements; therefore, sufficient physiological and nutritional support is paramount. Two highly trained males (aged 46) engaged in two 14d dietary interventions, with a 14d recovery period in between, to investigate the effect of such interventions on physiological (cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, and blood-based measures) and performance-based (distance and split time) parameters during an ultra-endurance (2h on 2h off, for 24h) laboratory-based rowing protocol at 60% VO2max.

A comparison of pre-competition eating patterns in a group of non-elite triathletes.

A qualitative research study investigated food choice by triathletes prior to training and competition, and gauged attitudes towards nutritional management. Five focus groups were conducted with 7 male and 6 female non-elite triathletes. Sessions were semi-structured, tape recorded, and transcribed verbatim for coding and analysis.