Forging new paths in the development of community mental health interventions for people with mental illness at risk of criminal legal system contact.

Background: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have disproportionately high rates of criminal legal system involvement. For many, this becomes a repeated cycle of arrest and incarceration. Treatments that address symptoms of mental illness are a critical component of the continuum of services for people with SMI in the legal system; yet on their own, psychiatric treatments have not been successful at reducing criminal legal system involvement for this population.

The Use of Technology-Based Simulation among Medical Students as a Global Innovative Solution for Training.

Background: Technological advancements have been rapidly integrated within the neurosurgical education track since it is a high-risk specialty with little margin for error. Indeed, simulation and virtual reality during training can improve surgical performance and technical skills. Our study aims to investigate the impact of neurosurgical technology-based simulation activities on medical students.

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Veterans and Military Personnel on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) among past and present U.S. military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain.

To be aware, or to accept, that is the question: Differential roles of awareness of automaticity and pain acceptance in opioid misuse.

Background: Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) are commonly prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for analgesia, placing this population at increased risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. Acceptance of aversive experiences (e.g.

Assessing the Potential Efficacy of an Intervention for Incarcerated People With Mental Illness.

Objective: This preliminary study tested the efficacy of an evidence-based correctional intervention (Thinking for a Change) with an adapted delivery to incarcerated people with mental illness.

Methods: A small-scale randomized controlled trial (N=47 men) was conducted. Outcomes were changes in aggression, number of behavioral infractions, and days in administrative segregation.

Feasibility of recruiting in prisons during a randomized controlled trial with people with serious mental illness.

Background: Successful participant recruitment is vital to the feasibly of intervention research. In the behavioral and social sciences, intervention researchers face a myriad of recruitment barriers, many of which stem from working in real-world settings and among hard-to-access populations. Optimizing recruitment efforts requires being intentional about study planning and resource allocation, carefully documenting the outcomes of recruitment efforts, and developing and implementing procedures and strategies to overcome anticipated recruitment barriers.

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Addictive Behavior, Psychiatric Distress, and Chronic Pain: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is an integrative intervention designed to ameliorate addiction, chronic pain, and psychiatric symptoms. Although multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the clinical efficacy of MORE, no study has quantitatively synthesized this body of research. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs examining the effects of MORE on addictive behaviors, craving, opioid dose, pain, and psychiatric symptoms.

Emotional distress and pain catastrophizing predict cue-elicited opioid craving among chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy.

Background: Individuals who use illicit substances exhibit cue-elicited craving and autonomic cue-reactivity when exposed to cues associated with past drug use. However, little is known about this phenomenon among chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). Negative cognitive-emotional reactivity in general (e.

A Systematic Review of Interventions Targeting Criminogenic Risk Factors Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness.

Objective: Individuals with serious mental illness are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Research has found that interventions targeting risk factors for recidivism (i.e.

Patterns in Medicaid Coverage and Service Utilization Among People with Serious Mental Illnesses.

Disruptions in Medicaid adversely affect service use and outcomes among individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI). A retrospective longitudinal study examined Medicaid coverage and service utilization patterns among individuals with SMI (N = 8358) from 2007 to 2010. Only 36% of participants were continuously enrolled in Medicaid and 20% experienced multiple enrollment disruptions.

The Relationship Between a Lifetime History of Sexual Victimization and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and the well-being of women during the perinatal period has received increasing attention. However, research investigating this relationship has yet to be systematically reviewed or quantitatively synthesized.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to calculate the pooled effect size estimate of the statistical association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and perinatal depression (PND).

Accountability in Intervention Research: Developing a Fidelity Checklist of a Mental Health Intervention in Prisons.

Adherence to intervention content and delivery protocols is vital in establishing the efficacy of treatment programs for mental illnesses. Using a fidelity tool during interventions can substantially increase the likelihood of clients receiving the most scientifically rigorous treatment. This article outlines the steps taken to develop a fidelity checklist to measure treatment adherence of a two-part intervention delivered in a prison setting.

Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Parenting and Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Transactional Processes Over Time.

This study used longitudinal data to examine the transactional associations between mothers' spanking and mother-child relationship quality with children's externalizing behaviors in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). Data came from a sample of 1,152 low-income mothers with children age 10-14 years. Results showed that past-year IPV triggered transactional associations by increasing children's externalizing behaviors which, in turn, increased spanking and subsequently more externalizing behaviors.

A strange case of foreign body embolism in the right lower pulmonary artery.

Foreign bodies in the pulmonary circulation have been documented in the literature, with almost all cases being iatrogenic, involving venous catheters, or due to penetrating foreign body emboli. Foreign body pulmonary emboli are often difficult to diagnose due to their varied clinical presentation, the nature of the embolizing material and dubious radiological features. We describe the case of a patient who experienced episodes of massive hemoptysis with inconclusive radiological findings, who underwent a thoracotomy with the discovery of a wooden object of 7 cm in length in the right lower lobe artery, with no apparent mechanism of injury.

The impact of sexual victimization on substance use disorder treatment completion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A significant proportion of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) have experienced sexual victimization, which has been shown to disrupt the efficacy of SUD treatment services. To evaluate the relationship between lifetime sexual victimization and SUD treatment completion. Relevant literature was identified through a systematic, computerized search of nine electronic databases (May 2018) and reference harvesting, yielding 15 peer-reviewed articles published between 1992 and 2017.

The relationship between substance misuse and complicated grief: A systematic review.

Complicated grief is a prolonged, bereavement-specific disorder with significant psychological and physical consequences. Although complicated grief represents a risk to individuals with substance misuse, this relationship is poorly understood. Consequently, this systematic literature review examined empirical findings regarding the relationship between substance misuse and complicated grief.

Who gets to decide for the older patient with a limited decision-making capacity: a review of surrogacy laws in the European Union.

Family members of older incompetent patients are increasingly playing an essential role in the decision-making process relating to medical treatment. Furthermore, rights of patients and carers and the extent of their legal involvement vary widely across the European Union. Starting with an illustrative case within the Italian legal framework, this review focuses on statutory laws in the European Union to analyse the role and the rights of surrogates on behalf of older incompetent patients.

A case of oesophageal cancer with low back pain: the accidental finding of skeletal muscle metastasis.

Skeletal muscle metastasis is a very rare event in patients with oesophageal cancer. We herein report and discuss a case of a 65 years old man with history of gastro-esophageal reflux disease referred to our department for pyrosis associated to persistent low back pain. Oesophageal endoscopy and transesophageal endo-sonography showed a tumour localized in the lower third of the esophagus, histologically proved to be adenocarcinoma.

Osteoporosis and psoriatic arthritis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes to an increased risk of fracture. The prevalence of OP in the general population is very high as established in several studies, and OP represents one of the possible aspects of bone involvement in arthritis. In psoriatic arthritis this involvement is particularly complex because it affects not only mechanisms of bone loss but also of bone formation.

Chest wall giant lipoma with a thirty-year history.

Benign chest wall tumours are very uncommon and chest wall lipomas are rarely reported in literature. We report herein a case of a 68-year old man who developed a giant, symptomless mass of the chest wall. A chest computed tomography scan evidenced a solid neoplasm measuring 27 cm in its major axis.

Is spleen circulation impaired in systemic sclerosis and what is the role of liver fibrosis?

Aim: To investigate the spleen vascular involvement and the presence of liver fibrosis in a population of subjects with established systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: In a cross-sectional fashion, 17 patients with SSc were compared with 18 patients suffering from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver cirrhosis, grade A and B Child-Pugh classification. Eighteen non elderly subjects, apparently healthy, were used as the control group.