Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the world's leading cause of death, exhibits notable epidemiological, clinical, and pathophysiological differences between sexes. Many such differences can be linked back to cardiovascular sexual dimorphism, yet sex-specific in vitro models are still not the norm. A lack of sex reporting and apparent male bias raises the question of whether in vitro CVD models faithfully recapitulate the biology of intended treatment recipients.

Geospatial Variability of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in Urban Watersheds: Relationships with Land Cover and Wastewater Infrastructure.

We investigated the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) composition in two watersheds with variable land cover and wastewater infrastructure, including sanitary sewers and septic systems. A four-component parallel factor analysis model was constructed from 295 excitation-emission matrices recorded for stream samples to examine relationships between FDOM and geospatial parameters. The contributions of humic acid- and fulvic acid-like fluorescence components (e.

Using multilinear regressions developed from excitation-emission matrices to estimate the wastewater content in urban streams impacted by sanitary sewer leaks and overflows.

Failing sewer infrastructure introduces unknown quantities of raw wastewater into urban streams, raising human and ecological health concerns. To address this problem, we developed multilinear regressions that relate fluorescent dissolved organic matter to wastewater content. The models were constructed with the area-normalized regional volumes of excitation-emission matrices measured for mixtures of deionized water, surface water from a wastewater-impacted stream, wastewater from a sanitary sewer adjacent to the stream, and Suwannee River natural organic matter.

Prostaglandin E2 and IL-23 interconnects STAT3 and RoRγ pathways to initiate Th17 CD4 T-cell development during rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: The chronic inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to focal and systemic bone erosion of the joints resulting in a crippling disability. Recent reports indicate an increase in the incidence of RA in the coming years, placing a significant burden on healthcare resources. The incidence of RA is observed to be increasing with age and a significant proportion of those new cases will be aggressively erosive.