Pre-stroke and early post-stroke apathy is associated with increased risk of dementia 3 months after stroke.

Objectives: Apathy is a frequent neuropsychiatric syndrome after stroke. We determined whether pre-morbid and early post-stroke apathy predicts dementia 3 months after stroke.

Methods: We included ischemic stroke patients without dementia who participated in the Prospective Observational Polish Study on post-stroke delirium.

Association of early and later depressive symptoms with functional outcome after ischemic stroke.

Background: Post-stroke depressive symptoms (DS) can be chronic or transient, occurring shortly or long after stroke and lasting only few months. It remains unclear if the prognosis differs between patients with DS in the acute phase of stroke and those who develop DS several months later. We aimed to determine whether outcomes vary among patients with different trajectories of post-stroke depressive symptoms.

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and sCD14 as risk markers of stroke-associated pneumonia.

To determine the utility of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) as risk markers of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). We included 331 stroke patients. The plasma levels of LBP (median: 19.

Early apathetic, but not depressive, symptoms are associated with poor outcome after stroke.

Background And Purpose: Depression and apathy are frequent neuropsychiatric disturbances after stroke and may appear together. Despite the overlap in symptoms between poststroke depression and apathy, these two syndromes might be associated with different prognoses and benefit from different treatments. We aimed to disentangle the relationship between early depressive and apathetic symptoms and outcome after stroke.

Glucocorticoid Resistance is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome After Stroke.

Systemic inflammation is associated with poor outcome after stroke. Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a fundamental role in limiting inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between GC sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and outcome after ischemic stroke.