The challenge of infectious diseases consultations in the emergency department: an Italian nationwide survey.

Diagnosis and management of infectious diseases (ID) at the emergency department (ED) are challenging due to the peculiar setting and the available diagnostic tools. The involvement of an ID consultant has been described to improve clinical outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. An online survey was sent to 100 Italian Departments of Infectious Diseases affiliated with the Italian Society of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (SIMIT).

Weight gain during pregnancy in women with HIV receiving different antiretroviral regimens.

Background: No published studies have evaluated in pregnant women with HIV weight gain with different antiretroviral drug classes.

Methods: Data from a national cohort study were used. We compared absolute weight gain and occurrence of excessive weight gain in women with HIV who received during pregnancy integrase inhibitors (INSTI), protease inhibitors (PI), or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI).

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with HIV-1 exposed to integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: an observational study.

Purpose: Recommended regimens for pregnant women with HIV-1 are composed of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus either a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (ISTI), with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) representing an alternative drug class. The study's purpose was to compare these three options in terms of pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Data from a national observational study of pregnant women with HIV-1 were used.

Simplification to dual-therapy containing lamivudine and darunavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected patients on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based dual regimens are warranted in order to optimize the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), prevent the long-term toxicity and reduce the cost of treatments.

Methods: We performed an observational, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy who switched to a dual regimen containing lamivudine (3TC) plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100 mg qd or atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) 300/100 mg qd.

Results: As a whole, 122 well-treated patients (mean age, 45.

Viro-immunological response of drug-naive HIV-1-infected patients starting a first-line regimen with viraemia >500,000 copies/ml in clinical practice.

Background: Virological success (VS) and immunological reconstitution (IR) of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients with pre-therapy viral load (VL) >500,000 copies/ml was assessed after 12 months of treatment according to initial drug-class regimens.

Methods: An observational multicentre retrospective study was performed. VS was defined as the first VL <50 copies/ml from treatment start.

HBV coinfection is associated with reduced CD4 response to antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on response to antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women with HIV.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a large case series of pregnant women with HIV in Italy; outcome measures were CD4 changes, HIV viral load, and main pregnancy outcomes (preterm delivery, low birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction, mode of delivery, and major birth defects).

Results: Rate of HBV coinfection among 1462 pregnancies was 12.

HIV-1 early and late diagnosis in the Emilia Romagna Region (Italy): a three year study.

It is crucial to establish the timing of infection and distinguish between early and long-lasting HIV-1 infections not only for partner notification and epidemiological surveillance, but also to offer early drug treatment and contain the spread of infection. This study analyzed serum and/or plasma samples with a first positive HIV antibody/antigen result coming from different Medical Centers in the Emilia Romagna Region, North East Italy, using the avidity assay, Western Blotting, RNA viral load, CD4 cell counts and genotyping assay. From May 2013 to May 2016, we certified 845 new HIV-1 infections, 18.

Integrated treatment of the severely injured patient with coexistent comorbidities. A case report and literature review.

Major trauma represents a paradigmatic clinical condition, needing multidisciplinary and structured approach. When a patient is affected by significant comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and other conditions that compromise the immune competence the risk of infections in the presence of exposed fractures is remarkably high. Although usually managed by multidisciplinary teams, these patients often have unfavorable functional outcomes.

Pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women of advanced maternal age.

Background: There is limited information on pregnancy outcomes in women with HIV who are of a more advanced maternal age.

Methods: Data from a national observational study in Italy were used to evaluate the risk of nonelective cesarean section, preterm delivery, low birthweight, major birth defects, and small gestational age-adjusted birthweight according to maternal age (<35 and ≥35 years, respectively).

Results: Among 1,375 pregnancies with live births, 82.