Acute and chronic improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism by a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern: Can SCFAs play a role?

Background & Aims: Postprandial metabolic abnormalities are considered important and independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of the Mediterranean diet on postprandial metabolism and the mechanism underpinning the effects on clinical variables have not been exhaustively explored. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the acute and medium-term effects (8 weeks) on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism of a diet resembling a typical Mediterranean diet (Med-D) compared to a western-type diet (Control-D), and the mechanisms underlying those effects.

Effects of a diet naturally rich in polyphenols on lipid composition of postprandial lipoproteins in high cardiometabolic risk individuals: an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background/objectives: Plasma lipoprotein composition, especially in the postprandial state, could be relevant for cardiovascular risk and could be influenced by eating habits. This study evaluated the effects of a polyphenol-rich diet on postprandial lipoprotein composition in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk.

Subjects/methods: Seventy-eight individuals with high waist circumference and at least another component of the metabolic syndrome were randomized to either a high-polyphenol (HighP) or low-polyphenol (LowP) diet.

Fibre-enriched buckwheat pasta modifies blood glucose response compared to corn pasta in individuals with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: Acute randomized controlled trial.

Aim: People with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease (T1D&CD) have high blood glucose variability. Processed gluten-free foods have shown to induce a worse metabolic profile whereas naturally gluten-free foods may represent healthier options. On the other hand, dietary fibre has shown to reduce postprandial glycemic excursions in individuals with diabetes.

Association between different dietary polyphenol subclasses and the improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors: evidence from a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Aims: Due to their different chemical structures and metabolism, polyphenol subclasses may have specific impact on cardiometabolic risk factors. Our aim was to evaluate whether the intake of different polyphenol subclasses is associated with clinical outcomes beneficially improved by polyphenols in a nutritional trial performed by our group (postprandial lipid response, glucose homeostasis, early insulin secretion and oxidative stress).

Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis of a nutritional intervention study with a diet naturally rich in polyphenols.

Diets naturally rich in polyphenols improve fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia and reduce oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentration is a recognized independent cardiovascular disease risk factor. Diet is the natural approach for these postprandial alterations. Dietary polyphenols and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3s) are associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk.

Liver fat is reduced by an isoenergetic MUFA diet in a controlled randomized study in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of qualitative dietary changes and the interaction with aerobic exercise training on liver fat content independent of weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: With use of a factorial 2 × 2 randomized parallel-group design, 37 men and 8 women, aged 35-70 years, with type 2 diabetes in satisfactory blood glucose control on diet or diet plus metformin treatment were assigned to one of the following groups for an 8-week period: 1) high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index diet (CHO/fiber group), 2) high-MUFA diet (MUFA group), 3) high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index diet plus physical activity program (CHO/fiber+Ex group), and 4) high-MUFA diet plus physical activity program (MUFA+Ex group). Before and after intervention, hepatic fat content was measured by (1)H NMR.

Ezetimibe beneficially influences fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with atherogenic abnormalities of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This study evaluated whether ezetimibe, by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption, influences chylomicrons and VLDL particles at fasting and after a standard meal.

Methods: By a double blind cross-over design 15 subjects with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia followed in random order a 6-week treatment with ezetimibe 10mg+simvastatin 20 mg (EZE+S) or placebo+simvastatin 20 mg (P+S) and, after a 6-week wash-out period, crossed over to the other treatment (NCT00699023).