Orthoplastic management of open tibial fractures in children : a consecutive five-year series from a paediatric major trauma centre.

Aims: Open tibial fractures are limb-threatening injuries. While limb loss is rare in children, deep infection and nonunion rates of up to 15% and 8% are reported, respectively. We manage these injuries in a similar manner to those in adults, with a combined orthoplastic approach, often involving the use of vascularised free flaps.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiling and Virulence Potential of Isolates from Estuarine Water in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

is a zoonotic microbe and a major causative organism of diarrheal infection in humans that often has its functional characteristics inactivated in stressed conditions. The current study assessed the correlation between recovered and water quality parameters and the drug sensitivity patterns of the pathogen to frontline antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Water samples ( = 244) from rivers/estuarines were collected from April⁻September 2016, and physicochemical conditions were recorded on-site.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Non-Cholera Vibrios Isolated from Farmed and Wild Marine Fish (Argyrosomus japonicus), Implications for Public Health.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibiogram and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of Vibrio isolates recovered from a marine fish (Argyrosomus japonicus) and water samples from two commercial dusky kob aquaculture farms and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, and to evaluate these findings for their public health implications. A total of 277 molecularly confirmed Vibrio isolates consisting of 126 Vibrio fluvialis, 45 Vibrio vulnificus, 30 Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, and 76 vibrios belonging to species of the genus other than Vibrio cholerae were subjected to susceptibility testing to 15 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was used to determine the antibiotic resistance-associated health risk, while polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of 14 ARGs for nonsusceptible strains.

The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis.

Background: In many immunocompromised patients, opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections are common. Polyherbal medicines examined in this study are used by the indigenous people of South Africa for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other opportunistic infections associated with TB.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nine polyherbal remedies against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively and three fungi.

Anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of has become a global public health problem. Polyherbal medicines offer great hope for developing alternative drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tubercular activity of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Human Pathogenic Vibrios Isolated from Two Commercial Dusky Kob (Argyrosmus japonicus) Farms and Kareiga Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

: Seafood-borne infections, often linked to contaminated seafood and water, are of increasing global public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human pathogenic vibrios and their associated virulence genes isolated from fish and water samples from 2 commercial dusky kob farms and Kareiga estuary, South Africa. : A total of 200 samples including dusky kob fish ( = 120) and seawater ( = 80) were subjected to screening on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS).

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Recreational Waters and Beach Sand in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

: Resistance of to commonly used antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial-resistant determinants in nature, and the marine environment may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic sensitivity profile of isolated from selected beach water and intertidal beach sand in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. : Two hundred and forty-nine beach sand and water samples were obtained from 10 beaches from April 2015 to April 2016.

Ethno-medicinal documentation of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Context: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained a devastating global public health problem. In the continuing search for effective treatment, polyherbal remedies used as alternative medicines in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were surveyed.

Objective: The survey collected information and documents the list of ingredients such as the name of the plants used including the non-herbal inclusions, type and dosage of polyherbal formulations used for the treatment of TB.

Identification of bacterial contaminants in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Amatole District of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, using rapid 16S rRNA technique.

Background: Polyherbal medicines are used for the treatment of many diseases in many African and Asian communities. With the increasing use of these remedies, several investigations have shown that they are associated with a broad variety of residues and contaminants. This study investigates the presence of bacteria in the polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Transient neonatal radial nerve palsy. A case series and review of the literature.

Transient neonatal radial nerve palsy manifests at birth by wrist drop and intact elbow and shoulder function. Spontaneous resolution is universal. We present a case series, including two bilateral cases, and a review of the cases found in the English literature, hypothesizing how this condition is probably misdiagnosed as brachial plexus injury.

Inhibitory and bactericidal activity of selected South African honeys and their solvent extracts against clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.

The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by Helicobacter pylori demands the search for novel compounds, especially from natural sources. We evaluated the anti-H. pylori activity of six local honeys at different concentrations as well as their solvent extracts by the Hole Plate diffusion method.

Detection of phytoconstituents in column fractions of n-hexane extract of Goldcrest honey exhibiting anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.

Background And Aims: Alternative therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication from natural products is gaining much attention. This study sought to isolate and characterize the fraction responsible for the antibacterial activity in Goldcrest (GC) n-hexane extract.

Methods: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the extract was carried out on Silica gel plates to determine the presence of chemical compounds, which were separated and partially purified by column chromatography.

Volatile compounds in honey: a review on their involvement in aroma, botanical origin determination and potential biomedical activities.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in honey are obtained from diverse biosynthetic pathways and extracted by using various methods associated with varying degrees of selectivity and effectiveness. These compounds are grouped into chemical categories such as aldehyde, ketone, acid, alcohol, hydrocarbon, norisoprenoids, terpenes and benzene compounds and their derivatives, furan and pyran derivatives. They represent a fingerprint of a specific honey and therefore could be used to differentiate between monofloral honeys from different floral sources, thus providing valuable information concerning the honey's botanical and geographical origin.

Environmental and demographic risk factors associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in the Alice rural settlements of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: a pilot study.

We undertook this study to identify the risk factors and prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV-positive and HIV-negative diarrhea patients in the Alice rural settlement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of 180 stool specimens (35 HIV-positive diarrhea, 125 HIV-negative diarrhea patients, and 20 apparently healthy subjects) were screened for cryptosporidiosis using an ELISA-based approach.

Crude ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola seeds Heckel (Guttiferae) prolong the lag phase of Helicobacter pylori: inhibitory and bactericidal potential.

Problems associated with current treatment regimens have generated a considerable interest in alternative approaches for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infections using phytochemical compounds. In an attempt to identify potential sources of such compounds, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of Garcinia kola seeds were investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori and a standard control strain, NCTC 11638, using standard microbiological techniques.

Selected South African honeys and their extracts possess in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.

Background And Aims: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori by triple therapy often results in a failure rate of 10-20%; thus, there is a need to seek alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to screen selected South African honeys for their anti-H. pylori activity, to extract the antimicrobial components using organic solvents and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts.

Marked susceptibility of South African Helicobacter pylori strains to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin: clinical implications.

Objectives: Helicobacter pylori-associated infection is common in South Africa, as in other developing countries. Antibiotic resistance is recognised as a major cause of treatment failure. We studied the susceptibility and resistance patterns of H.