Decision-making for congenital anomalies diagnosed during pregnancy: a narrative review.

Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the limited literature on fetal anomalies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy and parental decision-making and identify sources of information deemed as facilitators and barriers to medical decisions.

Methods: This was a literature review of source material and information about fetal anomalies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy, decision-making, decision tools or aids, and sources of information for anomalies. The search string used explored related peer-reviewed publications and systematic reviews between 2007 and 2024.

An evolutionarily conserved phosphoserine-arginine salt bridge in the interface between ribosomal proteins uS4 and uS5 regulates translational accuracy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Protein-protein and protein-rRNA interactions at the interface between ribosomal proteins uS4 and uS5 are thought to maintain the accuracy of protein synthesis by increasing selection of cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs. Selection involves a major conformational change-domain closure-that stabilizes aminoacyl-tRNA in the ribosomal acceptor (A) site. This has been thought a constitutive function of the ribosome ensuring consistent accuracy.

Trogocytosis of cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes pancreatic cancer growth and immune suppression via phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6).

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fibroblastic stroma constitutes most of the tumor mass and is remarkably devoid of functional blood vessels. This raises an unresolved question of how PDAC cells obtain essential metabolites and water-insoluble lipids. We have found a critical role for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in obtaining and transferring lipids from blood-borne particles to PDAC cells via trogocytosis of CAF plasma membranes.

Intrapancreatic fat, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is typically detected at an advanced stage, and is refractory to most forms of treatment, contributing to poor survival outcomes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is gradually increasing, linked to an aging population and increasing rates of obesity and pancreatitis, which are risk factors for this cancer. Sources of risk include adipokine signaling from fat cells throughout the body, elevated levels of intrapancreatic intrapancreatic adipocytes (IPAs), inflammatory signals arising from pancreas-infiltrating immune cells and a fibrotic environment induced by recurring cycles of pancreatic obstruction and acinar cell lysis.

Evaluation of the Small-molecule BRD4 Degrader CFT-2718 in Small-cell Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer Models.

Targeted, catalytic degradation of oncoproteins using heterobifunctional small molecules is an attractive modality, particularly for hematologic malignancies, which are often initiated by aberrant transcription factors and are challenging to drug with inhibitors. BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal family, is a core transcriptional and epigenetic regulator that recruits the P-TEFb complex, which includes Cdk9 and cyclin T, to RNA polymerase II (pol II). Together, BRD4 and CDK9 phosphorylate serine 2 (pSer2) of heptad repeats in the C-terminal domain of RPB1, the large subunit of pol II, promote transcriptional elongation.