Assessment of the Possibility of Identification of Black Toners on Printouts in Lexmark Printers Using SEM Method.

Background: Document examiners are frequently asked to determine whether or not a printout has originated from a particular laser printer. The printer can rarely be identified unless some unique defects or irregularities of the printer are present on the printout.

Aim/objective: The project aimed at obtaining the individual identification of printing and copying devices.

Pleiotropic effects of a Yersinia enterocolitica ompR mutation on adherent-invasive abilities and biofilm formation.

The OmpR regulator positively influences flagella synthesis and negatively regulates invasin expression in Yersinia enterocolitica. To determine the physiological consequences of this inverse regulation, we analyzed the effect of the ompR mutation on the ability of Y. enterocolitica Ye9 (serotype O9, biotype 2) to adhere to and invade human epithelial HEp-2 cells and to form biofilms.