Blood platelet RNA profiles do not enable for nivolumab response prediction at baseline in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), though the response rates remain low. Pre-treatment response prediction may improve patient allocation for immunotherapy. Blood platelets act as active immune-like cells, thereby constraining T-cell activity, propagating cancer metastasis, and adjusting their spliced mRNA content.

PD-L1 PET/CT Imaging with Radiolabeled Durvalumab in Patients with Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Better biomarkers are needed to predict treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry has limited predictive value, possibly because of tumor heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression. Noninvasive PD-L1 imaging using Zr-durvalumab might better reflect tumor PD-L1 expression.

Pembrolizumab with or without radiotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials.

Background: Radiotherapy might augment systemic antitumoral responses to immunotherapy. In the PEMBRO-RT (phase 2) and MDACC (phase 1/2) trials, patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly allocated immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) with or without radiotherapy. When the trials were analysed individually, a potential benefit was noted in the combination treatment arm.

Association of tumour and stroma PD-1, PD-L1, CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression with DCB and OS to nivolumab treatment in NSCLC patients pre-treated with chemotherapy.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are most beneficial in patients with high tumour PD-L1 expression. However, the use of PD-L1 expression is not straightforward. We investigated PD-L1 expression and immune cell (IC) infiltrates in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab.

Quantification of PD-L1 Expression with F-BMS-986192 PET/CT in Patients with Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The aim of this work was to quantify the uptake of F-BMS-986192, a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) adnectin PET tracer, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. To this end, plasma input kinetic modeling of dynamic tumor uptake data with online arterial blood sampling was performed. In addition, the accuracy of simplified uptake metrics such as SUV was investigated.

Effect of Pembrolizumab After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Pembrolizumab Alone on Tumor Response in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the PEMBRO-RT Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immunotherapy show primary resistance. High-dose radiotherapy can lead to increased tumor antigen release, improved antigen presentation, and T-cell infiltration. This radiotherapy may enhance the effects of checkpoint inhibition.

Swarm Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Tumor-Educated Platelets.

Blood-based liquid biopsies, including tumor-educated blood platelets (TEPs), have emerged as promising biomarker sources for non-invasive detection of cancer. Here we demonstrate that particle-swarm optimization (PSO)-enhanced algorithms enable efficient selection of RNA biomarker panels from platelet RNA-sequencing libraries (n = 779). This resulted in accurate TEP-based detection of early- and late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 518 late-stage validation cohort, accuracy, 88%; AUC, 0.

High PD-1 expression on regulatory and effector T-cells in lung cancer draining lymph nodes.

The treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved clinical outcome for a proportion of patients. The current challenge is to find better biomarkers than PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) that will identify patients likely to benefit from this therapy. In this exploratory study we assessed the differences in T-cell subsets and PD-1 expression levels on T-cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).