Dynamic Interplay in Tumor Ecosystems: Communication between Hepatoma Cells and Fibroblasts.

Tumors are intricate ecosystems where cancer cells and non-malignant stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), engage in complex communication. In this study, we investigated the interaction between poorly (HLE) and well-differentiated (HuH7) hepatoma cells and LX2 fibroblasts. We explored various communication channels, including soluble factors, metabolites, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and miRNAs.

BMP-induced non-canonical signaling is upregulated during autophagy-mediated regeneration in inflamed mesothelial cells.

Previously, we showed that after Freund's adjuvant-induced peritonitis, rat mesothelial cells regain their epithelial phenotype through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) accompanied by autophagy. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-known MET-inducers, we were interested in the potential expression of BMPs and BMP-induced pathways. Although mesothelial cells expressed lower amounts of BMP7, its level in the peritoneal cavity and mesothelial synthesis of BMP4 were significantly increased during inflammation.

Inflammation in Focus: The Beginning and the End.

The inflammation is an important biological response induced by various harmful stimuli, like viruses, bacterial infections, toxins, toxic compounds, tissue injury. During inflammation inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species are produced. Inflammatory cytokines act on various receptors present on the plasma membrane of target cells.

Pinealocytes can not transport neurotropic viruses. Pinealo-to-retinal connection in prepubertal rats originates from pineal neurons: Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies.

It is well established that the adult mammalian pineal body (PB), with the exception of rodents, contains nerve cell bodies. Based on our previous results we have proposed that there is a pinealo-to-retinal neuronal connection in adult hamsters and in prebubertal rats. By the time the animals reached puberty, labeled cells in the PB were not observed in rats.

Cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced transdifferentiation (EMT) and regeneration (MET) in mesenteric mesothelial cells.

In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesothelial-to-macrophage transition (MET) during regeneration. Since the receptor transmits the environmental stimulus, downregulating or upregulating the process on an epigenetic level, the intracellular localization of receptors (signaling organelles: early endosomes or lysosomal degradation: late endosomes) plays a crucial role in the signaling events regulating inflammation and regeneration. Therefore, we focused on the internalization of the receptors as well as the intracellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules during EMT and MET.

Preconditioning with cell-free DNA prevents DSS-colitis by promoting cell protective autophagy.

Presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a long-known fact. The biological effect of cfDNA administration on cellular autophagy within normal and inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intravenous cfDNA pretreatment on autophagy response were studied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis.

Endocytosis of GM-CSF receptor β is essential for signal transduction regulating mesothelial-macrophage transition.

During Freund's adjuvant induced inflammation rat mesenteric mesothelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cell. They express macrophage markers, inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNFα, IL-6), and specific receptors. When primary mesenteric cultures were treated with GM-CSF and/or TGF-β (in vitro), similar phenotypic and biological changes were induced.

Under inflammatory stimuli mesenteric mesothelial cells transdifferentiate into macrophages and produce pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6.

Objective: Inflammatory stimuli inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can transdifferentiate mesenteric mesothelial cells into macrophages.

Methods: Sprague Dawley rat mesenteric mesothelial cells were used as a model. 1 ml Freund adjuvant was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rat and GM-CSF treatment was used to induce inflammation.

[The role of caveolae in cataractogenesis: examination of human lens epithelial cells].

Unlabelled: Inrtoduction: Caveolae are flask shaped with 50-100 nm size, non-clathrin associated invaginations of the plasmamembrane. The main membrane protein of the structures is caveolin-1. Caveolae play an important role in numerous cellular functions including vesicular transport and cell-cycle regulation, and create platforms for classical and alternative signaling pathways.

Effect of IBDV infection on the interfollicular epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius.

In the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF), the interfollicular epithelium (IFE) consists of cylindrical- and cuboidal-shaped cells. Among the cylindrical-shaped epithelial cells, mucus-producing and caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-expressing cells can be distinguished. Occasionally, the cuboidal-shaped cells also express Cav-1, which suggests that they are precursors of both mucus-producing and Cav-1-expressing cells.

Chemotherapy induced PRL3 expression promotes cancer growth via plasma membrane remodeling and specific alterations of caveolae-associated signaling.

Background: The outcome of cancer therapy is greatly defined by the ability of a tumor cell to evade treatment and re-establish its bulk mass after medical interventions. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the characterization of molecules affecting tumor reoccurrence. The phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) protein was recently emerged among the targets that could affect such a phenomenon.

Inflammation-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and GM-CSF Treatment Stimulate Mesenteric Mesothelial Cells to Transdifferentiate into Macrophages.

In our previous work, we showed that during inflammation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenteric mesothelial cells express ED1 (pan-macrophage marker), indicating that they are transformed into macrophage-like cells. In this paper, we provide additional evidences about this transition by following the phagocytic activity and the TNFα production of mesenteric mesothelial cells during inflammation. Upon injection of India ink particles or fluorescent-labeled bioparticles (pHrodo) into the peritoneal cavity of rats pretreated with Freund's adjuvant, we found that mesothelial cells efficiently engulfed these particles.

Membrane-bound estrogen receptor alpha initiated signaling is dynamin dependent in breast cancer cells.

Background: Although membrane-associated estrogen receptors (mERs) have been known to play important role in steroid-induced signal transmission, we still know little about their function in the estrogen-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Methods: In our current work we tried to separate membrane-initiated estrogen receptor signaling from the overall estrogenic effect in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Re-analyzing expression data from multiple microarray experiments, we selected a set of key regulatory genes involved in proliferation regulation and estrogen signaling to monitor estrogen-induced transcription changes.

Coronavirus infection retards the development of the cortico-medullary capillary network in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken.

Coronavirus infection delays the development of the cortico-medullary (CM) capillary network which results in retarded development of bursal follicles. The smaller size of the medulla in the coronavirus-infected birds may lead to a lower number of B lymphocytes and bursal secretory dendritic cells, which negatively affects the reactivity and efficacy of the immune system. Contrary to the wild-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain, infection induced by H120 vaccine virus exerts only a moderate influence on caveolin-1 expression of the CM capillary web and on follicular development compared to the untreated controls.

Cell-free DNA-induced alteration of autophagy response and TLR9-signaling: Their relation to amelioration of DSS-colitis.

Background: The influence of cell-free DNA (fDNA) administration on the TLR9-autophagy regulatory crosstalk within inflammatory circumstances remains unclear.

Aims: To examine the immunobiologic effects of iv. fDNA injection on the TLR9-mediated autophagy response in murine DSS-colitis.

Autophagy is the key process in the re-establishment of the epitheloid phenotype during mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET).

In previous studies we showed that during Freund's adjuvant induced inflammation rat mesenteric mesothelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition type II (EMT). This process was characterized by a dramatic increase of the number of cell organelles and volume of mesothelial cells. After the inflammation reached its maximum, the mesenchymal-like cells gradually regained their epithelial phenotype (mesenchymal-epithelial transition, MET).

GM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor have regulatory role in transforming rat mesenteric mesothelial cells into macrophage-like cells.

Objective And Design: During peritonitis, mesothelial cells assume macrophage characteristics, expressing macrophage markers, indicating that they might differentiate into macrophage-like cells.

Materials And Subjects: Twenty-five male rats were used for in vivo experiments. For in vitro experiments, a primary mesentery culture model was developed.

Autophagy may contribute to the recovery of rat mesothelium following acute inflammation in vivo.

Following Freund's adjuvant-induced acute inflammation, the regeneration of rat mesothelium is accompanied by the reduction of cell organelles. The aim of the present study is to test whether autophagy may play a role in the recovery process of mesothelial cells by eliminating accumulated cell organelles and also to investigate the presence of potential inducers and molecular transmitters of the process. Control and treated (from day 2 to day 11; D2-D11) mesothelial cells (n = 16 samples/group) obtained from male rats were isolated and phenotypically characterized.

The subcellular compartmentalization of TGFβ-RII and the dynamics of endosomal formation during the signaling events: An in vivo study on rat mesothelial cells.

We previously showed that intraperitoneal administration of Freund's adjuvant treatment resulted in acute peritonitis and TGF-β was found to be one of the main organizers of the subsequent EMT in mesothelial cells. In the present study, we investigated whether TGF-β signaling molecules are present in mesothelial cells and how their compartmentalization pattern changes with the dynamics of inflammatory events in vivo. In addition, we tried to evaluate the turnover of endosomal compartments concomitant with the internalization of signaling molecules and examine whether caveola-mediated internalization might play a role in the termination of TGF-β signaling.

Estrogen receptor alpha is expressed in mesenteric mesothelial cells and is internalized in caveolae upon Freund's adjuvant treatment.

Transformation of epithelial cells into connective tissue cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) is a complex mechanism involved in tumor metastasis, and in normal embryogenesis, while type II EMT is mainly associated with inflammatory events and tissue regenaration. In this study we examined type II EMT at the ultrastructural and molecular level during the inflammatory process induced by Freund's adjuvant treatment in rat mesenteric mesothelial cells. We found that upon the inflammatory stimulus mesothelial cells lost contact with the basal lamina and with each other, and were transformed into spindle-shaped cells.

Caveolae and the regulation of endocytosis.

Although clathrin-mediated endocytosis constitutes the main pathway for internalization of extracellular ligands and plasma membrane components it has generally been accepted that other uptake mechanisms-caveolae-mediated and noncaveolar raft-dependent endocytosis-also exist. During the last 20 years many papers have been published about caveolar endocytosis. These studies have fundamentally changed our view about the endocytotic role of caveolae.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by Freund's adjuvant treatment in rat mesothelial cells: a morphological and immunocytochemical study.

Intraperitoneal injection of Freund's adjuvant induces acute peritonitis. By the time of the Freund's adjuvant treatment the flat, simple squamous epithelial cells became rounded, cuboidal shaped, many of them have lost their connection with the neighbouring cells and detached from the basement membrane. The macrophage markers' (ED1, OX43 and CD68) expression also increased in the mesothelial cells and more mesothelin and anti-ED1 double-labelled cells were found freely present close to the surface.

Mesothelial cells can detach from the mesentery and differentiate into macrophage-like cells.

Peritoneal cell suspension is composed of heterogeneous cell population. Macrophages are the most numerous cells among them. They can originate from different sources and can be resident, exudate and elicited.

Localization of caveolin-1 and c-src in mature and differentiating photoreceptors: raft proteins co-distribute with rhodopsin during development.

Numerous biochemical and morphological studies have provided insight into the distribution pattern of caveolin-1 and the presence of membrane rafts in the vertebrate retina. To date however, studies have not addressed the localization profile of raft specific proteins during development. Therefore the purpose of our studies was to follow the localization pattern of caveolin-1, phospho-caveolin-1 and c-src in the developing retina and compare it to that observed in adults.