Evolving beyond the vicious triad: Differential mediation of traumatic coagulopathy by injury, shock, and resuscitation.

Background: A subset of trauma patients with critical injury present with coagulopathy, portending markedly worse outcomes. Clinical practice is evolving to treat the classical risk factors of hypothermia, hemodilution, and acidosis; however, coagulopathy persists even in the absence of these factors. We sought to determine the relative importance of injury- and shock-specific factors compared with resuscitation-associated factors in coagulopathy after trauma.

Semiparametric Estimation of the Impacts of Longitudinal Interventions on Adolescent Obesity using Targeted Maximum-Likelihood: Accessible Estimation with the ltmle Package.

While child and adolescent obesity is a serious public health concern, few studies have utilized parameters based on the causal inference literature to examine the potential impacts of early intervention. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the causal effects of early interventions to improve physical activity and diet during adolescence on body mass index (BMI), a measure of adiposity, using improved techniques. The most widespread statistical method in studies of child and adolescent obesity is multi-variable regression, with the parameter of interest being the coefficient on the variable of interest.