'On Table' Versus 'Off Table' Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is There a Difference?

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there were differences in patient-reported outcomes, operative times, satisfaction scores, and complications between patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed through a direct anterior approach on a specialized traction table or a regular operating room table.

Methods: Patients who underwent a direct anterior approach THA on a specialized table or a regular table with a minimum 1-year follow-up were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and THA satisfaction were recorded.

Novel Dormancy Mechanism of Castration Resistance in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer Organoids.

Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients with bone metastases are treated with androgen pathway directed therapy (APDT). However, this treatment invariably fails and the cancer becomes castration resistant. To elucidate resistance mechanisms and to provide a more predictive pre-clinical research platform reflecting tumor heterogeneity, we established organoids from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, PCSD1.

The Impact of Whole Genome Data on Therapeutic Decision-Making in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: While critical insights have been gained from evaluating the genomic landscape of metastatic prostate cancer, utilizing this information to inform personalized treatment is in its infancy. We performed a retrospective pilot study to assess the current impact of precision medicine for locally advanced and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma and evaluate how genomic data could be harnessed to individualize treatment.

Methods: Deep whole genome-sequencing was performed on 16 tumour-blood pairs from 13 prostate cancer patients; whole genome optical mapping was performed in a subset of 9 patients to further identify large structural variants.

Establishment and Analysis of Three-Dimensional (3D) Organoids Derived from Patient Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Specimens and their Xenografts.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture of organoids from tumor specimens of human patients and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of prostate cancer, referred to as patient-derived organoids (PDO), are an invaluable resource for studying the mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis of prostate cancer. Their main advantage is that they maintain the distinctive genomic and functional heterogeneity of the original tissue compared to conventional cell lines that do not. Furthermore, 3D cultures of PDO can be used to predict the effects of drug treatment on individual patients and are a step towards personalized medicine.

Osteosarcoma: a comprehensive review.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare tumor of bone with a worldwide incidence of 3.4 cases per million people per year. For most of the twentieth century, five-year survival rates for classic OS were very low.

Management of soft tissue tumors of the upper extremity: a review.

Introduction: Management of malignant tumors of the hand and wrist is challenging and is generally approached by limb salvage or amputation. With advances in care, amputation has been superseded by limb salvage as the treatment of choice.

Methods: A narrative literature review was performed to identify articles on the topic of management of soft tissue tumors of the upper extremity, including surgical management, adjuvant radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Isolated peroneal tenosynovial lipoma arborescens: multimodality imaging features.

Synovial lipoma arborescens is a rare and benign fatty proliferative lesion of the synovium that is most commonly seen within the suprapatellar pouch of the knee, but increasingly reported to involve tendon sheaths, including those of the ankle. We present the third known case of tenosynovial lipoma arborescens isolated to the peroneal tendon sheath without ankle joint involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first to report this entity utilizing a unique combination of radiographic, sonographic, and MR imaging, along with intraoperative and histologic correlation.

Specific bone region localization of osteolytic versus osteoblastic lesions in a patient-derived xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer.

Objective: Bone metastasis occurs in up to 90% of men with advanced prostate cancer and leads to fractures, severe pain and therapy-resistance. Bone metastases induce a spectrum of types of bone lesions which can respond differently to therapy even within individual prostate cancer patients. Thus, the special environment of the bone makes the disease more complicated and incurable.

RNA Splicing Modulation Selectively Impairs Leukemia Stem Cell Maintenance in Secondary Human AML.

Age-related human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) exhaustion and myeloid-lineage skewing promote oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into therapy-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While acquisition of clonal DNA mutations has been linked to increased rates of secondary AML for individuals older than 60 years, the contribution of RNA processing alterations to human hematopoietic stem and progenitor aging and LSC generation remains unclear. Comprehensive RNA sequencing and splice-isoform-specific PCR uncovered characteristic RNA splice isoform expression patterns that distinguished normal young and aged human stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from malignant myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AML progenitors.

PCSD1, a new patient-derived model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, is castrate-resistant in the bone-niche.

Introduction: Prostate cancer bone metastasis occurs in 50-90% of men with advanced disease for which there is no cure. Bone metastasis leads to debilitating fractures and severe bone pain. It is associated with therapy resistance and rapid decline.

Lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap transposition to the midlateral femur: extending the arc of rotation.

We report the successful use of an extended lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for coverage of the midlateral femur using successive delayed elevations. A 62-year-old man underwent wide resection of a liposarcoma of the right anterior thigh with free flap reconstruction and subsequent radiation therapy 10 years before. Four years later, the patient fractured his irradiated femur and was treated with a retrograde intramedullary nail, which subsequently became infected, causing osteomyelitis of the distal femur, septic arthritis of the knee joint, and nonunion of his pathologic fracture.

A novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer metastasizes to bone in the majority of patients with advanced disease leading to painfully debilitating fractures, spinal compression and rapid decline. In addition, prostate cancer bone metastases often become resistant to standard therapies including androgen deprivation, radiation and chemotherapy. There are currently few models to elucidate mechanisms of interaction between the bone microenvironment and prostate cancer.

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) of soft tissue.

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) has been reported in the skin, lungs, orbit, and gastrointestinal tract, but only rarely in soft tissues. These lesions mimic lymphoma both clinically and histologically. We describe a case of a pseudolymphoma of the deep soft tissues of the lower extremity.

Continuous femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus nerve blocks for analgesia after hip arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled study.

Background: Hip arthroplasty frequently requires potent postoperative analgesia, often provided with an epidural or posterior lumbar plexus local anesthetic infusion. However, American Society of Regional Anesthesia guidelines now recommend against epidural and continuous posterior lumbar plexus blocks during administration of various perioperative anticoagulants often administered after hip arthroplasty. A continuous femoral nerve block is a possible analgesic alternative, but whether it provides comparable analgesia to a continuous posterior lumbar plexus block after hip arthroplasty remains unclear.

Peripheral nerve considerations in the management of extremity soft tissue sarcomas.

Evaluation of peripheral nerves, both clinically and with imaging, is critical in the evaluation of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas. If an essential peripheral nerve is felt to be adjacent to a soft tissue sarcoma but not circumferentially surrounded, it can usually be salvaged using the technique of epineural dissection in the setting of adjuvant radiation. If, however, a critical nerve is circumferentially involved with tumor, it must be sacrificed for the sake of local control.

Total knee replacement in previous recipients of fresh osteochondral allograft transplants.

Background: Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation is a treatment option for young patients with osteochondral lesions of the knee. The present study evaluated the surgical complexity of, and the prevalence of complications related to, total knee arthroplasty in patients who had had a previous osteochondral graft transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on thirty-three consecutive patients (thirty-five knees) who underwent total knee arthroplasty from 1974 to 2000 after having had a previous transplantation of a fresh osteochondral allograft into the same knee.

Differential role of E-selectin and P-selectin in T lymphocyte migration to cutaneous inflammatory reactions induced by cytokines.

E-selectin and P-selectin are thought to be important in the infiltration of T lymphocytes in inflammation, but their role in cytokine-induced cutaneous inflammatory reactions has not been examined. A technique for quantifying labeled T lymphocyte migration to cytokine-induced dermal inflammation in mice was developed. After i.