Base-rate data and norms for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Embedded Performance Validity Indicator.

The present study examines the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Embedded Performance Validity Indicator (EPVI) for detecting performance validity. This retrospective study analyzes the performance of four groups of 879 participants comprised of 464 clinically referred patients with suspected dementia, 91 forensic patients identified as not exhibiting adequate effort on other measures of response bias, 25 patients with well documented TBI, and a random sample of 198 adults collected in the Gulf State of Oman. The EPVI was also put to the test using normative data collected from the literature.

Medication Adherence in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Comprehensive Review.

Poor medication adherence is a pervasive problem that causes disability and suffering as well as extensive financial costs among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Barriers to adherence are numerous and cross multiple levels, including factors related to bipolar pathology and those unique to an individual's circumstances. External factors, including treatment setting, healthcare system, and broader health policies, can also affect medication adherence in people with BD.

A Reexamination of Nonpsychiatric Medication Adherence in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Medical Comorbidities.

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have high rates of nonadherence, medical illness, and premature mortality. This analysis reexamined correlates of poor adherence to nonpsychiatric medication in 73 patients with BD and medical comorbidities. The majority was female (74%) and African American (77%) with mean age of 48.

Sex-dependent effects of sleep deprivation on myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury.

Sleep deprivation is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. However, it is unknown whether the effects of sleep deprivation are limited to increasing the likelihood of experiencing a myocardial infarction or if sleep deprivation also increases the extent of myocardial injury. In this study, rats were deprived of paradoxical sleep for 96 h using the platform-over-water method.

Sex-dependent effects of chronic psychosocial stress on myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury.

Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience many debilitating symptoms, including intrusive memories, persistent anxiety and avoidance of trauma-related cues. PTSD also results in numerous physiological complications, including increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, characterization of PTSD-induced cardiovascular alterations is lacking, especially in preclinical models of the disorder.