Isolation and identification of carbon monoxide producing microorganisms from compost.

Carbon monoxide (CO) formation has been observed during composting of various fractions of organic waste. It was reported that this production can be biotic, associated with the activity of microorganisms. However, there are no sources considering the microbial communities producing CO production in compost.

Surfactin and Capric Acid Affect the Posaconazole Susceptibility of Strains with Altered Sterols and Sphingolipids Biosynthesis.

Infections caused by spp. pose a continuing challenge for modern medicine, due to widespread resistance to commonly used antifungal agents (e.g.

Effects of fermented rapeseed meal on performance, intestinal morphology, the viscosity of intestinal content, phosphorus availability, and egg quality of laying hens.

Fermented rapeseed meal has the potential to partial replace soybean meal in feed mixtures for poultry without a negative impact on the health condition and performance of birds. This is due to the fact that the fermentation process can reduce the amount of antinutritional factors, improve the use of nutrients and impart probiotic properties to rapeseed meal. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fermented rapeseed meal on the performance, egg quality, intestinal morphometry, the viscosity of intestinal content and total phosphorus availability.

The alternating 50 Hz magnetic field depending on the hydrophobicity of the strain affects the viability, filamentation and sensitivity to drugs of Candida albicans.

In recent decades, Candida albicans have been the main etiological agent of life-threatening invasive infections, characterized by various mechanisms of resistance to commonly used antifungals. One of the strategies to fight Candida infections may be the use of an electromagnetic field. In this study, we examined the influence of the alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz on the cells of C.

Anticandidal Cu(I) complexes with neocuproine and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine based diphenylaminomethylphosphine: Is Cu-diimine moiety a pharmacophore?

The studies on metal complexes as potential antifungals are of growing interest because they may be the answer to increasingly effective defense mechanisms. Herein we present two new copper(I) iodide or thiocyanide complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and diphenylphosphine derivative of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (4MP): [CuI(dmp)4MP] (1-4MP) and [CuNCS(dmp)4MP] (2-4MP) - their synthesis, as well as structural and spectroscopic characteristics. Interestingly, while 4MP and its oxide derivative (4MOP) show a very low or no activity against all tested Candida albicans strains (MIC ≥ 200 μM against CAF2-1 - laboratory control strain, DSY1050 - mutant without transporters Cdr1, Cdr2, Mdr1; isogenic for CAF2-1, and fluconazole resistant clinical isolates), for 1-4MP and 2-4MP MIC values were 0.

Influence of solid state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 67 strain on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal and its effects on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional value and enzymatic activity of rapeseed meal and its effects on the performance of broiler chickens and meat quality, including physicochemical properties (proximate analysis, pH, water holding capacity), antioxidant capabilities, dipeptide composition of the meat and sensory traits. Three dietary treatments were evaluated using broiler chickens: a control without incorporation of rapeseed meal; a second treatment with the incorporation of 3% unfermented rapeseed meal; and a third with the incorporation of 3% rapeseed meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis 67. The study showed that fermented compared to unfermented rapeseed meal was characterized by a significantly higher content of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat and metabolic energy (P < 0.

Alterations in the Level of Ergosterol in ' Plasma Membrane Correspond with Changes in Virulence and Result in Triggering Diversed Inflammatory Response.

Opportunistic pathogen possesses multiple virulence factors which enable colonization and infection of host tissues. -related infections frequently occur in immunocompromised patients, which is related to an insufficient inflammatory response. Furthermore, immunosuppression and multidrug resistance of clinical isolates make the treatment of candidiasis a challenge for modern medicine.

The Role of Point Mutations in the Resistance of to Fluconazole in the Presence of Lactate.

Candidiasis refers to both superficial and deep-tissue fungal infections often caused by . The treatment of choice for these infections is the use of azoles, such as fluconazole (FLC). However, the increased use of antifungal agents has led to the emergence of azole-resistant isolates of .

The Role of Ergosterol and Sphingolipids in the Localization and Activity of ' Multidrug Transporter Cdr1p and Plasma Membrane ATPase Pma1p.

Opportunistic pathogen causes systemic infections named candidiasis. Due to the increasing number of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of sp., currently employed antifungals (e.

K143R Amino Acid Substitution in 14-α-Demethylase (Erg11p) Changes Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall Structure of .

The opportunistic pathogen is responsible for life-threating infections in immunocompromised individuals. Azoles and polyenes are two of the most commonly used antifungals and target the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway or ergosterol itself. A limited number of clinically employed antifungals correspond to the development of resistance mechanisms.

Antiadhesive Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Based on (-)-Menthol Against spp.

Infections with spp. are commonly found in long-time denture wearers, and when under immunosuppression can lead to stomatitis. Imidazolium ionic liquids with an alkyl or alkyloxymethyl chain and a natural (1,2,5)-(-)-menthol substituent possess high antifungal and antiadhesive properties towards , , and .

Fermented Rapeseed Meal as a Component of the Mink Diet () Modulating the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota.

Fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) was used in the diet of American mink (). An advantage of this product is its prebiotic and functional properties, which can modify the bacterial microbiota of the GIT. A control group and three experimental groups were formed, with 60 animals in each group.

Capric acid secreted by Saccharomyces boulardii influences the susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotericin B.

The effect of capric acid, secreted by the probiotic yeasts Saccharomyces boulardii, was evaluated on the activities of fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB) against pathogenic Candida albicans fungus. The findings indicated that capric acid may be a promising additive for use in combination with FLC. A FLC-capric acid combination led to reduced efflux activity of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter Cdr1p by causing it to relocalize from the plasma membrane (PM) to the interior of the cell.

Changes in the Microbial Composition of the Cecum and Histomorphometric Analysis of Its Epithelium in Broilers Fed with Feed Mixture Containing Fermented Rapeseed Meal.

This study examined the influence of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on the intestinal morphology and gut microflora of broiler chickens. Limited information is available on the effects of FRSM on the intestinal morphology and the gastrointestinal microbiome population of animals. First, 48 21-day Ross 308 broilers were placed in metabolic cages and randomly assigned to four experimental groups.

Fructose Induces Fluconazole Resistance in through Activation of Mdr1 and Cdr1 Transporters.

is a pathogenic fungus that is increasingly developing multidrug resistance (MDR), including resistance to azole drugs such as fluconazole (FLC). This is partially a result of the increased synthesis of membrane efflux transporters Cdr1p, Cdr2p, and Mdr1p. Although all these proteins can export FLC, only Cdr1p is expressed constitutively.

Xylan Decomposition in Plant Cell Walls as an Inducer of Surfactin Synthesis by .

Hemicellulose is the second most abundant plant heterogenous biopolymer. Among products obtained from a wide range of agro-residues, biosurfactants, e.g.

New anticandidal Cu(i) complexes with neocuproine and ketoconazole derived diphenyl(aminomethyl)phosphane: luminescence properties for detection in fungal cells.

The search for new antifungals is very important because the large genetic variation of pathogenic organisms has resulted in the development of increasingly effective defense mechanisms by microorganisms. Metal complexes as potential drugs are nowadays gaining interest, because they are characterized by accessible redox states of metal centers and a plethora of easily modifiable geometries. In this work we present two new copper(i) iodide or thiocyanide complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and a diphenylphosphane derivative of ketoconazole (KeP), where a ketoconazole acetyl group is replaced by the -CHPPh unit, [CuI(dmp)KeP] (1-KeP) and [CuNCS(dmp)KeP] (2-KeP) - their synthesis and structural characteristics.

Fluconazole and Lipopeptide Surfactin Interplay During Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall Remodeling Increases Fungal Immune System Exposure.

Recognizing the -glucan component of the cell wall is a necessary step involved in host immune system recognition. Compounds that result in exposed -glucan recognizable to the immune system could be valuable antifungal drugs. Antifungal development is especially important because fungi are becoming increasingly drug resistant.

Antifungal Styryloquinolines as Efflux Pump Inhibitors: Styryloquinolines are ABC Transporter Inhibitors.

Styrylquinolines are heterocyclic compounds that are known for their antifungal and antimicrobial activity. Metal complexation through hydroxyl groups has been claimed to be a plausible mechanism of action for these types of compounds. A series of novel structures with protected hydroxyl groups have been designed and synthesized to verify the literature data.

Lipid composition and cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida albicans influence the efficacy of fluconazole-gentamicin treatment.

Adherence of the fungus, Candida albicans, to biotic (e.g. human tissues) and abiotic (e.

New diphenylphosphane derivatives of ketoconazole are promising antifungal agents.

Four new derivatives of ketoconazole (Ke) were synthesized: diphenylphosphane (KeP), and phosphane chalcogenides: oxide (KeOP), sulphide (KeSP) and selenide (KeSeP). These compounds proved to be promising antifungal compounds towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, especially in synergy with fluconazole. Simulations of docking to the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (azoles' primary molecular target) proved that the new Ke derivatives are capable of inhibiting this enzyme by binding to the active site.

A Crucial Role for Ergosterol in Plasma Membrane Composition, Localisation, and Activity of Cdr1p and H-ATPase in .

is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Treatment of infections relies on azoles, which target the lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Erg11p) encoded by the gene. Our results show that targeted gene disruption of can result in resistance to ergosterol-dependent drugs (azoles and amphotericin B), auxotrophy and aerobically viable cells.

Plasma Membrane Potential of Measured by Di-4-ANEPPS Fluorescence Depends on Growth Phase and Regulatory Factors.

The potential of the plasma membrane (Δѱ) regulates the electrochemical potential between the outer and inner sides of cell membranes. The opportunistic fungal pathogen, regulates the membrane potential in response to environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state of the cell. Here we demonstrate a new method for detection of cell membrane depolarization/permeabilization in using the potentiometric zwitterionic dye di-4-ANEPPS.

Biotransformation of rapeseed meal leading to production of polymers, biosurfactants, and fodder.

After extracting the oil from rapeseed, the remaining meal byproduct is used in animal feed, particularly for cattle, and represents an effective, high-protein substitute for soybean meal. The biotransformation of rapeseed meal using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) bacteria increases its nutritional value and enriches it with a variety of additives including polymers, biosurfactants, and enzymes. Polymers produced in SSF process with rapeseed meal (e.