Antimicrobial Properties of Monomeric and Dimeric Catanionic Surfactant System.

Cationic gemini surfactants are used due to their broad spectrum of activity, especially surface, anticorrosive and antimicrobial properties. Mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants are also increasingly described. In order to investigate the effect of anionic additive on antimicrobial activity, experimental studies were carried out to obtain MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against and bacteria.

Synthetic and Natural Antifungal Substances in Cereal Grain Protection: A Review of Bright and Dark Sides.

Molds pose a severe challenge to agriculture because they cause very large crop losses. For this reason, synthetic fungicides have been used for a long time. Without adequate protection against pests and various pathogens, crop losses could be as high as 30-40%.

Genus: phytochemical constituents, biological activities and health promoting-effects.

genus belongs to the family of Santalaceae, widespread in India, Australia, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, and valued as traditional medicine, rituals and modern bioactivities. Sandalwood is reported to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds such as essential oil and its components (α-santalol and β-santalol), phenolic compounds and fatty acids. These bioactives play important role in contributing towards biological activities and health-promoting effects in humans.

Disposable Food Packaging and Serving Materials-Trends and Biodegradability.

Food is an integral part of everyone's life. Disposable food serving utensils and tableware are a very convenient solution, especially when the possibility of the use of traditional dishes and cutlery is limited (e.g.

Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants with Ether Group in the Spacer Part.

Due to their large possibility of the structure modification, alkylammonium gemini surfactants are a rapidly growing class of compounds. They exhibit significant surface, aggregation and antimicrobial properties. Due to the fact that, in order to achieve the desired utility effect, the minimal concentration of compounds are used, they are in line with the principle of greenolution (green evolution) in chemistry.

Antifungal Activity of Polyoxometalate-Ionic Liquids on Historical Brick.

Moulds inhabiting mineral-based materials may cause their biodeterioration, contributing to inestimable losses, especially in the case of cultural heritage objects and architectures. Fungi in mouldy buildings may also pose a threat to human health and constitute the main etiological factor in building related illnesses. In this context, research into novel compounds with antifungal activity is of high importance.

Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants with Azapolymethylene Spacer.

A series of 21 azapolymethylene gemini surfactants were obtained. The synthesis of the title surfactants in one- or two-step reaction proceeds with good yields. The structure and the purity of the synthesized compounds were determined by H and C NMR, ESI-MS spectra, and elemental analysis.

New Sulfur Organic Polymer-Concrete Composites Containing Waste Materials: Mechanical Characteristics and Resistance to Biocorrosion.

The aim of this study was to develop new sulfur-copolymer concrete composites using waste compounds that have good mechanical characteristics and show a resistance to biocorrosion. The comonomers used to synthesize the sulfur-organic copolymers were-90 wt. % sulfur; 5 wt.

Multistep approach to control microbial fouling of historic building materials by aerial phototrophs.

The scientific multistep approach described herein is a result of two years of research into a control method against microbial fouling and biodeterioration of historic building materials by phototrophs. A series of tests were conducted to select the best antifouling agent for eliminating 'green' coatings and protecting surfaces against biofouling. Of the seven active compounds, two with the best penetration abilities were subjected to a photosynthetic activity inhibition test using confocal microscopy.

Viability, Enzymatic and Protein Profiles of Biofilm and Planktonic Cells after Monomeric/Gemini Surfactant Treatment.

This study set out to investigate the biological activity of monomeric surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and the next generation gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(,-dimethyl--dodecylammonium bromide) (C6) against the environmental strain PB_1. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the dilution method. The viability of the planktonic cells and biofilm was assessed using the plate count method.

Impact of Cationic and Neutral Gemini Surfactants on Conidia and Hyphal Forms of Aspergillus brasiliensis.

This study investigates the biological activity of two cationic gemini surfactants, hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(,-dimethyl--dodecylammonium bromide) C6 and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(,-dimethyl--dodecyla,.mmonium bromide) C5, and their two neutral analogs, hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(-methyl--dodecylamine) (A6) and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(-methyl--dodecylamine) (A5). Experiments were performed with , which is used in the standard tests for biocides.

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis.

We investigated the biological activity of surfactants based on quaternary ammonium compounds: gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(-dimethyl--dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), synthesized by the reaction of -dimethyl-dodecylamine with 1,6-dibromohexane, and its monomeric analogue dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The experiments were performed with bacteria , a common spoilage in the beverage industry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the tube standard two-fold dilution method.

Synthesis, Structure, Surface and Antimicrobial Properties of New Oligomeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Aromatic Spacers.

New dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric quaternary ammonium salts were accomplished by reaction of tertiary alkyldimethyl amines with appropriate bromomethylbenzene derivatives. A series of new cationic surfactants contain different alkyl chain lengths (C4-C18), aromatic spacers and different numbers of quaternary nitrogen atoms. The structure of the products was confirmed by spectral analysis (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, C-NMR and 2D-NMR), mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), elemental analysis, as well as PM5 semiempirical methods.

Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Benzalkonium Chloride Analogues with Pyridine Rings.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a group of compounds of great economic significance. They are widely used as emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers and corrosion inhibitors in household and industrial products. Due to their excellent antimicrobial activity QACs have also gained a special meaning as antimicrobials in hospitals, agriculture and the food industry.

Protection of Historical Wood against Microbial Degradation-Selection and Application of Microbiocides.

The aim of this study was to select effective and safe microbiocides for the disinfection and protection of historical wooden surfaces at the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. We tested seven active compounds against bacteria and moulds, of which didecyldimethylammonium chloride and N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine were effective even at 0.02%-2%.

Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains.

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) belong to surfactant commonly used both, in the household and in different branches of industry, primarily in the process of cleaning and disinfection. They have several positive features inter alia effectively limiting the development of microorganisms on many surfaces. In the present work, two compounds were used as biocides: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) that belongs to the gemini surfactant (GS), and its single analogue - dodecyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (DTAB).

Quaternary ammonium biocides as antimicrobial agents protecting historical wood and brick.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in disinfection of water, surfaces and instruments as well as in textile, leather and food industries because of their relatively low toxicity, broad antimicrobial spectrum, non-volatility and chemical stability. Due to these advantages, QACs are also used in restoration and can be applied on historical material. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of biocides based on quaternary ammonium salts and containing various excipients in the protection of historical materials against microbial growth.

Abiotic determinants of the historical buildings biodeterioration in the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp.

The paper presents the results of a study conducted at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim on the occurrence of biodeterioration. Visual assessment of the buildings revealed signs of deterioration of the buildings in the form of dampness, bulging and crumbling plaster, and wood fiber splitting. The external surfaces, and especially the concrete strips and ground immediately adjoining the buildings, were colonized by bryophytes, lichens, and algae.

Diversity of an aerial phototrophic coating of historic buildings in the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp.

Aerial phototrophs colonize materials of anthropogenic origin, thus contributing to their biodeterioration. Structures preserved at the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp show signs of degradation by cyanobacteria and algae. In order to protect the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Site, diversity of aerial phototrophs growing on the historic buildings has been studied.

Assessment of biological colonization of historic buildings in the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp.

The objective of this study was to assess biological colonization of wooden and brick buildings in the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp, and to identify the organisms colonizing the examined buildings. Microbiological analysis did not reveal increased microbial activity, and the total microbial count of the barrack surfaces did not exceed 10 CFU/100 cm. However, certain symptoms of biodegradation of the buildings were observed.

Synthesis, molecular structure, spectral properties and antifungal activity of polymethylene-α,ω-bis(N,N- dimethyl-N-dodecyloammonium bromides).

Hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide), pentamethylene-1,5-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide), tetramethylene-1,4-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide), trimethylene-1,3-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) and ethylene-1,2-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) have been obtained and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations have also been carried out. The optimized bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles calculated by Hartree-Fock/3-21G(d,p) approach have been presented.

Influence of N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine on the mycelium growth and the cell wall composition of resistance and sensitive strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus.

Resistance causes of moulds to N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine (APDA) for selected species of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was examined. Control (sensitive) strains and resistant strains, cultured at 0.05% triamine, were used in the experiments.