An analysis of placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissue immunoreactivity in patients after cesarean section due to a placenta accreta spectrum disorder and elective cesarean section followed by the depressed mood.

Unlabelled: An analysis of placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissue immunoreactivity in patients after cesarean section due to a placenta accreta spectrum disorder and elective cesarean section followed by a depressed mood.

Research Background: Over the past few years, interest in investigating immune dysfunction in patients with psychiatric disorders has increased. B7-H4 is a molecule with immunosuppressive properties that seems to play a key role in establishing maternal tolerance against fetal antigens.

An analysis of the significance of the lymph node ratio and extracapsular involvement in the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients.

Introduction: The primary aim of our study was to analyse the impact of the lymph node ratio (LNR) and extracapsular involvement (ECI) on the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) patients.

Material And Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 886 patients surgically treated for EC between 2000 and 2015. In the subgroup of patients with lymph node metastases (LNM), we evaluated the impact of the number and localization of the LNM, LNR, and ECI on patients' overall survival (OS).

Expression of the Costimulatory Molecule B7-H4 in the Decidua and Placental Tissues in Patients with Placental Abruption.

B7 homolog 4 protein (B7-H4), a member of the B7 family, is a immunomodulatory membrane protein. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of this protein in the decidua and placental tissues in case of placental abruption (PA) compared to cases of retained placental tissue (RPT) and controls. Tissue samples were obtained from 47 patients with PA, 60 patients with RPT, and 41 healthy controls.

The Role of Genital Tract Microbiome in Fertility: A Systematic Review.

The human microbiome plays a crucial role in determining the health status of every human being, and the microbiome of the genital tract can affect the fertility potential before and during assisted reproductive treatments (ARTs). This review aims to identify and appraise studies investigating the correlation of genital microbiome to infertility. Publications up to February 2021 were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase and bibliographies.

"Y Sign" at the Level of the 3-Vessel and Trachea View: An Effective Fetal Marker of Aortic Dextroposition Anomalies in the First Trimester.

Objectives: The "Y sign" at the level of the 3-vessel and trachea view corresponds to thinning of main pulmonary artery and arterial duct and a dilated transverse aortic arch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Y sign for the diagnosis of aortic dextroposition anomalies at the time of the first-trimester scan and to assess the screening performance of only the Y sign, only abnormal left axis deviation (axis sign), and their combination for the diagnosis of aortic dextroposition anomalies.

Methods: A prospective evaluation of 6025 pregnant women undergoing first-trimester ultrasonography was conducted.

The significance of a prenatal diagnosis of right aortic arch.

Objectives: To analyze a population of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed right aortic arch (RAA).

Methods: Retrospective study of fetuses with RAA diagnosed prenatally between 2011 and 2015 in two referral centers.

Results: Right aortic arch was found in 4.

Ultrasound evaluation of inferior facial angle (IFA) in a population of normal fetuses at 11-13 weeks (+6 days) gestation.

Unlabelled: Retrognathia is a common feature of many fetal anomalies that may be diagnosed during ultrasound examination. The most common method used for the diagnosis of this condition is the inferior facial angle (IFA). The existing reference ranges for IFA have been established for the fetuses at 18- 28 weeks gestation and may be not applicable in the first trimester.

Age at natural menopause in women on long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the natural menopause ages of healthy women with those of women with methotrexate (MTX)-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to specifically assess the effect of disease onset and activity and the use of MTX on the age of the last menstruation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records to identify the ages at which menopause occurred in women with premenopausal RA treated with MTX and in women with postmenopausal onset, irrespective of therapy. Natural menopause ages were also compared between participants with and without RA.

What are the most common first-trimester ultrasound findings in cases of Turner syndrome?

Objectives: To identify the most common first-trimester ultrasound findings in Turner syndrome (TS). To evaluate which first-trimester findings can be best used to predict the likelihood of TS.

Methods: This was a prospective study, based on singleton pregnancies.

Combined screening test for trisomy 21 - is it as efficient as we believe?

Objectives: To compare two first-trimester screening strategies: traditional combined screening and the one based on ultrasound markers only. We investigated the effect of maternal age (MA) on the screening performance of both of these strategies.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study based on a non-selected mixed-risk population of 11,653 women referred for first-trimester screening.

[Carbon monoxide poisoning in pregnant woman].

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most frequent types of poisoning caused by gases. Exposure of a pregnant woman to carbon monoxide is connected with transmission of this gas to her fetus what may cause oxygen deficiency, and further, the damage to its organs. The article describes a case of carbon monoxide poisoning of a 28-weeks pregnant woman who was treated in a hyperbaric chamber.

[The role of cytologic-colposcopic diagnostics in qualification to LEEP (loop electrical excision procedure)].

Loop electrosurgical excision procedurę (LEEP) is both a diagnostic and a therapeutic method in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The key for the therapeutic effect is accurate diagnostics, in particular precise colposcopic localisation of CIN in the cervical area. It enables localising a lesion highly suspected of neoplasmatic character, excising a sample for histopathologic examination and making a pre-therapeutical diagnosis, as well as choosing optimal way of treatment.

How Effective Is First-Trimester Screening for Trisomy 21 Based on Ultrasound Only?

Objective: To evaluate the most common first-trimester ultrasound features of fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21) and to examine the screening performance for Down syndrome (DS) using only ultrasound-based protocols. To investigate whether maternal age (MA) has an impact on the efficacy of the ultrasound-based screening methods.

Methods: In a prospective study, 6,265 patients were examined.

Primary Vulvo-Vaginal Cancers: Trends in Incidence and Mortality in Poland (1999-2012).

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, mortality rates and trends of vulvar and vaginal cancers in Poland.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Polish National Cancer Registry. Age-standardised rates (ASRs) of cancer incidence and mortality were calculated by direct standardisation, and joinpoint regression was performed to describe the trends using the average annual percent change (AAPC).

How effective is ultrasound-based screening for trisomy 18 without the addition of biochemistry at the time of late first trimester?

Unlabelled: Trisomy 18 (T18) remains the second most common aneuploidy. It is associated with multiple congenital anomalies and causes intrauterine fetal demise in the most severe cases.

Objectives: To examine the screening performance of ultrasound-based protocols for detecting T18, we aimed to determine the most common signs and their prevalence in fetuses with T18 to develop logistic regression model.

Prenatal detection of congenital heart defects at the 11- to 13-week scan using a simple color Doppler protocol including the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views.

Objectives: The first goal of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of the 4-chamber view, 3-vessel and trachea view, and their combination in color mapping during early cardiac evaluations for selecting cases suspicious of congenital heart defects. The second goal was to describe the most common abnormal flow patterns at the levels of the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views in the late first trimester.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in which a simple cardiac sonographic protocol was applied in fetuses at gestational ages of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days.

[The assessment of the dependence between antigen CA 125 and nicotinism in patients with benign ovarian tumors including endometrial cysts].

Unlabelled: Cancer antigen CA-125 is a marker that is primarily used to differentiate benign from malignant tumors as well as to monitor response to ovarian cancer treatment. Taken as a separate marker, it displays low sensitivity and specificity in ovarian cancer diagnosis; however, in combination with other markers it may be successfully applied especially in postmenopausal women. Elevated CA-125 levels in blood serum indicate cancerous as well as non-cancerous diseases.

First trimester tricuspid regurgitation and fetal abnormalities.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common sonographic finding during the fetal life. It has been reported in 7% of normal fetuses. It may be associated with aneuploidy and with both cardiac and extracardiac defects.

Diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional sonohysterography compared with office hysteroscopy and its interrater/intrarater agreement in uterine cavity assessment after hysteroscopic metroplasty.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional sonohysterography (3D-SIS) and office hysteroscopy in uterine cavity assessment after hysteroscopic metroplasty (HM) and determine the interrater/intrarater agreement for 3D-SIS.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University hospital, private hospital, and clinic.

[Evaluation of the recurrence and residual lesions incidence after loop electroexcisional procedure and cold knife conisation].

The aim of this paper was the evaluation of the recurrence and residual lesions of cervical intraepithelial neoplaisa (CIN) incidence after LEEP (loop electro excisional procedure) and cold knife conisation. The clinical material was 210 women aged 22-65 years of life referred to the Department of Gynecology and Oncology Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, Poland, the period in 2000- 2005 years, with initial cytological pap diagnosis-HSIL. (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL) according to The Bethesda System.

[Translabial ultrasonography in pelvic floor prolapse and urinary incontinence diagnostics].

Technological advances in the construction of sonographic devices and increasingly universal access to such tests considerably widens the range of diagnostic application of the sonographic examination. This situation also refers to pelvic organs prolapse. At present, sonographic sets used in everyday obstetrical-gynecological practice allow for insight into the structures forming the female pelvic floor, and the obtained images constitute a valuable addition to the physical examination.

Two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography and sonohysterography versus hysteroscopy with laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of septate, bicornuate, and arcuate uteri.

Study Objective: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy and to compare the diagnostic value of 3-dimensional sonohysterography (3D-SIS), 3-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS), 2-dimensional sonohysterography (2D-SIS), and 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (2D-TVS) (initial and expert diagnosis) in the differential diagnosis of septate, bicornuate, and arcuate uteri.

Design: Prospective clinical study (Canadian Task Force II-2).

Setting: University hospital and private hospital and clinic.

DFF45 expression in human endometrium is associated with menstrual cycle phases and decreases after menopause.

Background: Human endometrium undergoes cyclic structural and functional modifications, and if no conception occurs menstruation is observed as the result of endometrial cell apoptosis via DFF40/DFF45 complex activation. In postmenopausal endometrium, the proliferative potential of endometrial cells is decreased, while their susceptibility to apoptosis increases.

Methods: The study group comprised 104 nonpregnant adult women (78 of reproductive age and 36 after menopause) with no neoplasm or hormonal treatment during the past 6 months.

[The value of three-dimensional multiplanar (MPV) and volume contrast imaging (VCI) in the ultrasound evaluation of endometrial pathology].

The aging of the women population as well as widespread use of the ultrasound leads to an increased detection of abnormal endometrial characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the value of three-dimensional ultrasound viewing options: multi-planar view (MPV) and volume contrast imaging (VCI) in the endometrial evaluation. 147 women, referred for endometrial sampling, because of bleeding or an abnormal endometrial two-dimensional ultrasound image were enrolled in the study.