Prediction of drug-drug interactions between various antidepressants and efavirenz or boosted protease inhibitors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.

Background And Objective: The rate of depression in patients with HIV is higher than in the general population. The use of antidepressants can have a beneficial effect, improving antiretroviral therapy adherence and consequently their efficacy and safety. Efavirenz and protease inhibitor boosted with ritonavir are major components of the antiretroviral therapy and are inducers and/or inhibitors of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms.

Effects of chronic lithium treatment on renal function.

Introduction: Lithium treatment is associated with renal side effects which vary from mild nephrogenic diabetes insipidus to end stage renal disease (ESRD). A review of the literature suggests that ESRD is a very rare side effect, caused after very long-term lithium treatment, and that it might be preventable if lithium is stopped early.

Methods: Sixty-one patients were treated with lithium for a mean of 15.