Re-evaluating the health impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis preventive treatment for modern HIV cohorts on antiretroviral therapy: a modelling analysis using data from Tanzania.

Background: Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can prevent tuberculosis among people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV programmes are now initiating patients on ART with higher average CD4 cell counts and lower tuberculosis risks under test-and-treat guidelines. We aimed to investigate how this change has affected the health impact and cost-effectiveness of IPT.

Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis among children at an HIV care program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is challenging in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe the clinical features, diagnostic testing results, tuberculosis and HIV treatment and clinical outcomes of 57 HIV-infected children diagnosed with tuberculosis at the DarDar Pediatric Program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In this cohort, tuberculosis was common, microbiologic studies were frequently negative and mortality was high.