Transfer RNA-derived fragment production in calves challenged with or co-infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and in several tissues and blood.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune response can allow informed decisions in drug or vaccine development, and aid in the identification of biomarkers to predict exposure or evaluate treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in calves challenged with () or co-infected with and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Serum, white blood cells (WBC), liver, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), tracheal-bronchial lymph node (TBLN), spleen, and thymus were collected from Control ( = 2), (MB;  = 3), and co-infected (Dual; = 3) animals, and small RNAs extracted for sequencing.

Implications of tRNA abundance on translation elongation across bovine tissues.

Translation is a crucial stage of gene expression. It may also act as an additional layer of regulation that plays an important role in gene expression and function. Highly expressed genes are believed to be codon-biased to support increased protein production, in which quickly translated codons correspond to highly abundant tRNAs.

Influence of Maternal BLV Infection on miRNA and tRF Expression in Calves.

Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRF), are known to be involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Research has provided evidence that small RNAs may influence immune development in calves. Bovine leukosis is a disease in cattle caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) that leads to increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.

Differentially expressed tRNA-derived fragments in bovine fetuses with assisted reproduction induced congenital overgrowth syndrome.

As couples struggle with infertility and livestock producers wish to rapidly improve genetic merit in their herd, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become increasingly popular in human medicine as well as the livestock industry. Utilizing ART can cause an increased risk of congenital overgrowth syndromes, such as Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS) in ruminants. A dysregulation of transcripts has been observed in bovine fetuses with LOS, which is suggested to be a cause of the phenotype.

Identification of large offspring syndrome during pregnancy through ultrasonography and maternal blood transcriptome analyses.

In vitro production (IVP) of embryos in cattle can result in large/abnormal offspring syndrome (LOS/AOS) which is characterized by macrosomia. LOS can cause dystocia and lead to the death of dam and calf. Currently, no test exists to identify LOS pregnancies.

Characterization of tRNA expression profiles in large offspring syndrome.

Background: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) use can increase the risk of congenital overgrowth syndromes, such as large offspring syndrome (LOS) in ruminants. Epigenetic variations are known to influence gene expression and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were previously determined to be associated with LOS in cattle. We observed DMRs overlapping tRNA clusters which could affect tRNA abundance and be associated with tissue specificity or overgrowth.

Effect of food source availability in the salivary gland transcriptome of the unique burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae).

Nicrophorus is a genus of beetles that bury and transform small vertebrate carcasses into a brood ball coated with their oral and anal secretions to prevent decay and that will serve as a food source for their young. Nicrophorus pustulatus is an unusual species with the ability to overtake brood of other burying beetles and whose secretions, unlike other Nicrophorus species, has been reported not to exhibit antimicrobial properties. This work aims to better understand how the presence or absence of a food source influences the expression of genes involved in the feeding process of N.