Association of C4d with disease activity in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: evidence for classical/lectin complement pathway activation.

Background: We aimed to investigate the involvement of the classical/lectin complement pathway in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) by exploring the complement activation fragment C4d in association to AAV activity.

Methods: Forty patients with active AAV and twenty population-based controls were included. The study included 27 (67.

Kinetic oscillatory stimulation of nasal mucosa in non-allergic rhinitis: comparison of patient self-administration and caregiver administration regarding pain and treatment effect. A randomized clinical trial.

Conclusion: Patient self-administration of the Kinetic Oscillatory Stimulation (KOS)-catheter was a fully acceptable alternative to insertion of the catheter by physician with helmet fixation, in patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). The approaches were equivalent regarding pain. The treatment effect in the patient self-administration group was not inferior.