Sex Differences in Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Adults with and without CKD: NHANES 1999-2018.

Women with CKD had a lower cardiovascular disease mortality risk than men. Kidney function markers (, eGFR and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) may influence mortality risk in women with CKD, but not in men.

Sex hormones and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in male and female patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly experience sex hormone disturbances, which may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This review aimed to systematically evaluate current findings on the association of sex hormone levels with the risk of CVD events and mortality (CVD and all-cause) in the CKD population. Articles were systematically searched in CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed.

Association of Monocyte Count and Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio with the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with CKD.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests an association of higher monocyte count and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, limited studies have examined if this association translates to the CKD population. This study examined whether monocyte count and MLR are associated with the risk of CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death in patients with nondialysis CKD who participated in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort observational study.

Methods: Baseline monocyte count and MLR were categorized into tertiles and also modeled continuously.

Shunt Nephritis: An Increasingly Unfamiliar Diagnosis.

Background: Shunt nephritis is a rare, reversible immune-complex mediated complication of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection that can progress to end-stage renal disease and even death if diagnosis is delayed.

Case Description: The present case report details the manifestation and clinical course of shunt nephritis in a 50-year-old patient who presented with symptoms of nephrotic syndrome 30 years after ventriculojugular shunt placement. Diagnosis was delayed due to initial negative CSF and blood cultures, but a later CSF culture was positive for Propionibacterium acnes.

Mineral Metabolites, Angiotensin II Inhibition and Outcomes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) interacts with the vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho axis. We investigated whether circulating mineral metabolism markers modify outcomes in response to RAAS inhibition in subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use with all-cause mortality and dialysis initiation among 1,753 subjects (1,099 CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate 18 ± 6 ml/min/1.

25-vitamin D, 1,25-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 and cognitive function in men with advanced CKD: a veteran population.

Cognitive impairment is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), but little is known about its relation with abnormalities in mineral metabolism. The longitudinal association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels and cognitive function was assessed in 605 patients (67 ± 12 years) with advanced CKD not requiring dialysis (n = 247) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD; n = 358) who participated in the Homocysteine Study Cognitive Function Substudy (HOSTCOG)). Cognitive function was assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICSm; mean follow-up 3.

Vitamin D level and risk of community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis.

Previous research has reported reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels is associated with acute infectious illness. The relationship between vitamin D status, measured prior to acute infectious illness, with risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and sepsis has not been examined. Community-living individuals hospitalized with CAP or sepsis were age-, sex-, race-, and season-matched with controls.

Where vaptans do and do not fit in the treatment of hyponatremia.

The treatment of hyponatremia, an exceedingly common electrolyte disorder, has been a subject of controversy for many years. The advent of vasopressin antagonists (vaptans) has added to the treatment arsenal. This review focuses on why hyponatremia should be treated and the role of these antagonists in the treatment.