Effects of Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance on Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Scores in Adults with Overweight and Obesity.

An elevated lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP-IR) score corresponds to insulin resistance in adults with overweight and obesity, yet data are lacking regarding the impact of exercise interventions on LP-IR. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the effects of a weight loss and weight maintenance intervention on LP-IR score in adults with overweight and obesity. Thirty sedentary adults with overweight and obesity completed a 10-week OPTIFAST weight loss program with supervised aerobic exercise to achieve clinical weight loss (CWL) (≥7% from baseline).

Effects of weight loss and weight loss maintenance on cardiac autonomic function in obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Caloric restriction and exercise exert significant improvements in cardiac autonomic function as measured by HRV in overweight and obesity. Aerobic exercise training, within recommended guidelines coupled with weight loss maintenance, retains cardiac autonomic function benefits from weight loss in previously obese individuals.

Microwave and Computational Study of Methanesulfonic Acid and Its Complex with Water.

Spectra of methanesulfonic acid (CHSOH, MSA) and its complex with water have been studied by microwave spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. For the monomer, spectra were obtained for both the parent and -OD isotopologues and, in each case, revealed a pair of tunneling states that are attributed to large amplitude motion of the hydroxyl hydrogen about the S-O(H) bond. Transitions crossing between tunneling states were not found in the parent spectrum and are estimated to be outside the range of the spectrometer, thus precluding the direct determination of the tunneling energy.

The effect of exercise training level on arterial stiffness after clinically significant weight loss.

Arterial stiffness is improved by weight loss. However, no data exist on the impact of aerobic exercise levels on arterial stiffness during weight maintenance. Adults who were  overweight or with obesity (N = 39) participated in a 10-week weight loss program.

Microwave and Computational Study of Pivalic Sulfuric Anhydride and the Pivalic Acid Monomer: Mechanistic Insights into the RCOOH + SO Reaction.

The microwave spectrum of pivalic sulfuric anhydride, (CH)CCOOSOOH (PivSA), has been observed by rotational spectroscopy. The compound was formed by the reaction of SO with (CH)CCOOH (pivalic acid) in a supersonic jet in a manner analogous to that previously observed with other carboxylic acids. Computational analysis indicates that the reaction is best described as a pericyclic process coupled with a 60° rotation of the -butyl group.

Retraction notice to "Cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction: Role of autophagy" [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 53/6 (2012) 1327-1338].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Microwave Study of Triflic Acid Hydrates: Evidence for the Transition from Hydrogen-Bonded Clusters to a Microsolvated Ion Pair.

Rotational spectra of the mono-, di-, and trihydrates of triflic acid, CFSOH···(HO), have been recorded by pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and spectroscopic constants obtained have been compared with values calculated at several levels of theory. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions presented here and elsewhere, indicating that with only one or two water molecules, triflic acid remains un-ionized in a cold molecular complex. The experiments further concur with theoretical predictions that the addition of a third water molecule transforms the system into what is best regarded as a hydrated hydronium triflate ion pair.

Proton Transfer in a Bare Superacid-Amine Complex: A Microwave and Computational Study of Trimethylammonium Triflate.

The complex formed from trimethylamine ((CH)N) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid, CFSOH) has been observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. Spectroscopic data, most notably N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, are combined with computational results at several levels of theory to unambiguously demonstrate complete or near-complete proton transfer from the triflic acid to the trimethylamine upon complexation. Thus, the system is best regarded as a trimethylammonium triflate ion pair in the gas phase.

Prescribed exercise to Reduce Recidivism After Weight Loss-Pilot (PREVAIL-P): Design, methods and rationale.

Clinically significant weight loss is associated with health benefits for overweight and obese adults. Participation in adequate amounts of physical activity is critical for weight maintenance. However, the recommended amount of physical activity needed to promote weight maintenance is based primarily on retrospective studies that quantified physical activity levels through questionnaires which tend to overestimate physical activity levels.

Carboxylic Sulfuric Anhydrides.

Carboxylic acids react with sulfur trioxide to form carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides, RCOOSOOH. In this article, new supersonic jet microwave spectra are presented for the anhydride derived from propiolic acid (HCCCOOH), and recent work on a series of carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides is reviewed. For the propiolic acid derivative, computed minimum-energy structures are reported for both the anhydride (HCCCOOSOOH) and its precursor complex (HCCCOOH-SO), and additional CCSD(T)/CBS(D-T)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) calculations indicate that, after zero-point energy corrections, the barrier to anhydride formation is effectively zero.

A strong dependence of the CH internal rotation barrier on conformation in thioacetic acid: Microwave measurements and an energy decomposition analysis.

Rotational spectra of thioacetic acid (CHCOSH) have been observed by pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Spectroscopic constants are reported for both the syn and anti conformers of the parent species, as well as the S and C carbonyl isotopologues. Transitions arising from the lowest A and E internal rotor states of the methyl group have been observed and analyzed.

A Perfluorinated Carboxylic Sulfuric Anhydride: Microwave and Computational Studies of CFCOOSOOH.

Trifluoroacetic sulfuric anhydride (CFCOOSOOH, TFASA) and its deuterated isotopologue have been observed by pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. TFASA was generated in situ in a supersonic expansion from the reaction of CFCOOH or CFCOOD with SO. The spectrum, which was notably weaker than those of previously studied carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides, is that of a simple asymmetric rotor with no evidence of internal rotation of the CF group.

Hydration of an Acid Anhydride: The Water Complex of Acetic Sulfuric Anhydride.

The complex formed from acetic sulfuric anhydride (CHCOOSOOH, ASA) and water has been observed by pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. ASA was formed in situ in the supersonic jet via the reaction of SO and CHCOOH, and subsequently complexed with water using a concentric, dual injection needle that allows reagents to be introduced at different points along the expansion axis. Spectroscopic constants for the parent, fully deuterated, and CHCOOSOOH species are reported.

Observation of Two Conformers of Acrylic Sulfuric Anhydride by Microwave Spectroscopy.

The rotational spectrum of acrylic sulfuric anhydride (CH═CHCOOSOOH, AcrSA) has been observed using pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The species was produced from the reaction between acrylic acid and sulfur trioxide in a supersonic jet. Spectroscopic constants are reported for both the s-cis- and s-trans-AcrSA conformers of the parent and monodeuterated (OD) isotopologues.

Facile Formation of Acetic Sulfuric Anhydride: Microwave Spectrum, Internal Rotation, and Theoretical Calculations.

Acetic sulfuric anhydride, CHCOOSOOH, was produced by the reaction of SO and CHCOOH in a supersonic jet. Four isotopologues were observed by microwave spectroscopy. Spectra of both A and E internal rotor states were observed and analyzed, yielding a value of 241.

Inhibition of AMPK accentuates prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac contractile function through disruption of compensatory autophagy.

Prolonged caloric restriction often results in alteration in heart geometry and function although the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, preserves energy and nutrient in the face of caloric insufficiency. This study was designed to examine the role of AMPK in prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac homeostasis and the underlying mechanism(s) involved with a focus on autophagy.

Capacity building for long-term community-academic health partnership outcomes.

Too often, populations experiencing the greatest burden of disease and disparities in health outcomes are left out of or ineffectively involved in academic-led efforts to address issues that impact them the most. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an approach increasingly being used to address these issues, but the science of CBPR is still viewed by many as a nascent field. Important to the development of the science of CBPR is documentation of the partnership process, particularly capacity building activities important to establishing the CBPR research infrastructure.

Deficiency in AMP-activated protein kinase exaggerates high fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction.

AMPK, a metabolic sensor, protects against ischemic injury and cardiac hypertrophy although its role in obesity is unclear. This study was designed to examine the impact of AMPK deficiency on cardiac dysfunction following high fat feeding. Adult WT and transgenic mice overexpressing a kinase dead (KD) α2 isoform (K45R mutation) of AMPK were fed a low or high fat diet for 20 weeks.

In vivo MRI measurement of fetal blood oxygen saturation in cardiac ventricles of fetal sheep: a feasibility study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility to determine fetal blood oxygen saturation (sO(2)) with T(2)-weighted MR sequences using a fetal sheep model. T(2) measurements were performed on a 1.5-T scanner using a T(2) preparation pulse in combination with a three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession sequence repeated at different echo times.

AMP-activated protein kinase deficiency exacerbates aging-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction.

Aging is associated with myocardial dysfunction although the underlying mechanism is unclear. AMPK, a key cellular fuel sensor for energy metabolism, is compromised with aging. This study examined the role of AMPK deficiency in aging-associated myocardial dysfunction.