effects of undifferentiated callus extracts from L, L and L in normal and malignant human skin cells.

Background And Objectives: The occurrence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers is currently increasing rapidly with one in every three cancers diagnosed as a skin cancer. A useful strategy to control the progression of skin cancer could be the use of plant flavonoids that suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of undifferentiated callus extracts from L, L and L was investigated both in normal and malignant skin cells.

In vitro protective effects of Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica callus extract on human keratinocytes.

Natural ingredients have been used to improve the state of health in humans. The genus Paeonia has been studied only limited yet it's reported to have many activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. To this context, here we focused on an endemic Paeonia species in Attica.

Polyphenol-hydrogen peroxide reactions in skin: In vitro model relevant to study ROS reactions at inflammation.

Antioxidants are important to protect and maintain biological barriers, such as the skin. Antioxidant effects are often assessed using clinical trials, however these tests are costly and time consuming. In this work we introduce a skin membrane-covered oxygen electrode (SCOE) as an in vitro tool for monitoring HO and antioxidant reactions in skin.

Gene expression changes during short day induced terminal bud formation in Norway spruce.

The molecular basis for terminal bud formation in autumn is not well understood in conifers. By combining suppression subtractive hybridization and monitoring of gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis, we aimed to identify genes involved in photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set in Norway spruce. Close to 1400 ESTs were generated and their functional distribution differed between short day (SD-12 h photoperiod) and long day (LD-24 h photoperiod) libraries.

Identification of PaCOL1 and PaCOL2, two CONSTANS-like genes showing decreased transcript levels preceding short day induced growth cessation in Norway spruce.

In woody plants of the temperate zone short photoperiod (SD) leads to growth cessation. In angiosperms CONSTANS (CO) or CO-like genes play an important role in the photoperiodic control of flowering, tuberisation and shoot growth. To investigate the role of CO-like genes in photoperiodic control of shoot elongation in gymnosperms, PaCOL1 and PaCOL2 were isolated from Norway spruce.

Genetics of avirulence genes in Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei and physical mapping of AVR(a22) and AVR(a12).

Powdery mildew fungi are parasites that cause disease on a wide range of important crops. Plant resistance (R) genes, which induce host defences against powdery mildews, encode proteins that recognise avirulence (AVR) molecules from the parasite in a gene-for-gene manner. To gain insight into how virulence evolves in Blumeria graminis f.

Intron splicing in 5' untranslated region of the rolA transcript in transgenic apple.

The rolA gene encoded on the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes developmental alterations, including dwarfing characteristics in the transgenic plants. In an attempt to introduce dwarfing characteristics into apple rootstocks for breeding purposes, the rolA gene was incorporated into the apple rootstock M26 and obtained four transgenic clones. All the clones exhibited reduced growth compared to untransformed control plants but different degree of dwarfing and wrinkled leaves.