Alzheimers Dement (Amst)
March 2023
Introduction: Health disparities arise from biological-environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement (Amst)
March 2023
Introduction: Continuous measures of amyloid burden as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) are being used increasingly to stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 could predict continuous values for amyloid PET.
Methods: CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 were measured with automated immunoassays.
Sleep monitoring may provide markers for future Alzheimer's disease; however, the relationship between sleep and cognitive function in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease is not well understood. Multiple studies have associated short and long sleep times with future cognitive impairment. Since sleep and the risk of Alzheimer's disease change with age, a greater understanding of how the relationship between sleep and cognition changes over time is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
December 2021
Background: The relationship between HIV infection, the functional organization of the brain, cognitive impairment, and aging remains poorly understood. Understanding disease progression over the life span is vital for the care of people living with HIV (PLWH).
Setting: Virologically suppressed PLWH (n = 297) on combination antiretroviral therapy and 1509 HIV-uninfected healthy controls were evaluated.
Objective: To evaluate temporal correlations between CSF and neuroimaging (PET and MRI) measures of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration in relation to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression.
Methods: A total of 371 cognitively unimpaired and impaired participants enrolled in longitudinal studies of AD had both CSF (β-amyloid [Aβ], phosphorylated tau, total tau, and neurofilament light chain) and neuroimaging (Pittsburgh compound B [PiB] PET, flortaucipir PET, and structural MRI) measures. The pairwise time interval between CSF and neuroimaging measures was binned into 2-year periods.
Purpose Of Review: This review highlights neuroimaging studies of HIV conducted over the last 2 years and discusses how relevant findings further our knowledge of the neuropathology of HIV. Three major avenues of neuroimaging research are covered with a particular emphasis on inflammation, aging, and substance use in persons living with HIV (PLWH).
Recent Findings: Neuroimaging has been a critical tool for understanding the neuropathological underpinnings observed in HIV.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
October 2020
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
August 2020
Background: Frailty is an important clinical concern for the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this study was to identify the combination of risk features that distinguish frail from nonfrail individuals.
Setting: Machine learning analysis of highly dimensional risk features was performed on a clinical cohort of PLWH.
Regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for tau positron emission tomography (PET) were compared among 19 cognitively normal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative control individuals, 20 HIV-negative patients with symptomatic Alzheimer disease, 15 cognitively normal HIV-positive individuals, and 17 cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals. Among the HIV-positive participants, the correlation between tau PET SUVRs and both HIV loads and CD4+ T-cell counts (recent and nadir). Tau PET SUVRs were similar for HIV-positive individuals and HIV-negative control individuals.
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