Publications by authors named "Anna Guyatt"
Article Synopsis
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Background: Air pollution is associated with lower lung function, and both are associated with premature mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence remains scarce on the potential mediating effect of impaired lung function on the association between air pollution and mortality or CVD.
Methods: We used data from UK Biobank (n∼200 000 individuals) with 8-year follow-up to mortality and incident CVD.
Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) <80% predicted and FEV/forced vital capacity ≥0.70. PRISm is associated with respiratory symptoms and comorbidities.
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- Chronic sputum production negatively affects quality of life and this study aims to identify genetic factors linked to this condition through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving over 9,700 cases.
- The GWAS found six significant genetic signals related to chronic sputum production, particularly pinpointing associations with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus and mucin loci, which are also connected to respiratory conditions like asthma.
- Further analysis revealed that these genetic signals are linked to various health conditions and suggest that mucin fucosylation may play a key role in chronic sputum production.
Article Synopsis
- A major study involving 580,869 participants identified 1,020 genetic signals linked to lung function impairment, which is crucial in understanding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicting mortality.
- * The research found 559 genes related to lung function that were connected to 29 different biological pathways and demonstrated variations across ancestry, age, and smoking habits.
- * Findings suggest potential new targets for therapy by highlighting specific genetic variants and proteins, ultimately contributing to better understanding and treatment of COPD.
Article Synopsis
- DeepPheWAS is an R package designed for phenome-wide association studies, enabling the creation of composite phenotypes using data from primary care and disease progression.
- It offers tools for analyzing genetic associations, allowing for various models and optional sex-stratified analysis, making it versatile for researchers.
- The package can be accessed for free on GitHub and has supplementary information available online at Bioinformatics.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been reported to be experiencing a deterioration in their mental health due to COVID-19. In addition, ethnic minority populations in the United Kingdom are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. It is imperative that HCWs are appropriately supported and protected from mental harm during the pandemic.
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- * A nationwide study found that 35.2% of HCWs reported having aPPE at all times during the first lockdown, which improved to 83.9% by early 2021, highlighting a significant increase over time.
- * Factors influencing access to aPPE included age and work environment, with older HCWs and those in Intensive Care Units more likely to report consistent access, while Asian HCWs and those in non-medical roles were less likely to do so.
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs), particularly those from ethnic minority groups, have been shown to be at disproportionately higher risk of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to the general population. However, there is insufficient evidence on how demographic and occupational factors influence infection risk among ethnic minority HCWs.
Methods And Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the baseline questionnaire of the United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outcomes in Healthcare workers (UK-REACH) cohort study, administered between December 2020 and March 2021.
Article Synopsis
- Eosinophils are linked to airway inflammation and their regulation, particularly by interleukin-5, impacts conditions like asthma, but their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear.
- The study used Mendelian randomization to explore the relationship between eosinophils and various respiratory issues, analyzing genetic variants and lung function among participants from the UK Biobank.
- Findings indicate that increased eosinophils may raise the risk of asthma-COPD overlap and moderate-severe asthma, while negatively affecting lung function, but caution is advised due to the complexity of the underlying mechanisms.
Background: Several countries now have mandatory SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for healthcare workers (HCWs) or the general population. HCWs' views on this are largely unknown. Using data from the nationwide UK-REACH study we aimed to understand UK HCW's views on improving SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverage, including mandatory vaccination.
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- Some individuals display characteristics of both asthma and COPD, leading to a condition known as asthma-COPD overlap, which yields worse health outcomes compared to having either condition alone.
- The study aimed to explore the genetic factors behind asthma-COPD overlap and how these differ from those linked to asthma or COPD separately.
- Researchers identified eight new genetic signals associated with asthma-COPD overlap, revealing a mix of genetic influences related to type 2 inflammation and potential long-term health impacts.
Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) COVID-19 focus.
Wellcome Open Res
December 2021
New data collection in established longitudinal population studies provides an opportunity for studying the risk factors and sequelae of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), plus the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing. The Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) cohort is a population-based cohort (N>11,000), recruited from 2013 in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. EXCEED includes consent for electronic healthcare record (EHR) linkage, spirometry, genomic data, and questionnaire data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality and devastated economies globally. Among groups at increased risk are healthcare workers (HCWs) and ethnic minority groups. Emerging evidence suggests that HCWs from ethnic minority groups are at increased risk of adverse COVID-19-related outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In most countries, healthcare workers (HCWs) represent a priority group for vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to their elevated risk of COVID-19 and potential contribution to nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Concerns have been raised that HCWs from ethnic minority groups are more likely to be vaccine hesitant (defined by the World Health Organisation as refusing or delaying a vaccination) than those of White ethnicity, but there are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors in UK HCWs.
Methods: Nationwide prospective cohort study and qualitative study in a multi-ethnic cohort of clinical and non-clinical UK HCWs.
Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Genetic factors influence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but the individual variants that have been identified have small effects. We hypothesised that a polygenic risk score using additional variants would predict COPD and associated phenotypes.
Methods: We constructed a polygenic risk score using a genome-wide association study of lung function (FEV and FEV/forced vital capacity [FVC]) from the UK Biobank and SpiroMeta.
Background: Age at menarche has been associated with various health outcomes. We aimed to identify potential causal effects of age at menarche on health-related traits in a hypothesis-free manner.
Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) of age at menarche with 17,893 health-related traits in UK Biobank (n = 181,318) using PHESANT.
Whether smoking-associated DNA methylation has a causal effect on lung function has not been thoroughly evaluated. We first investigated the causal effects of 474 smoking-associated CpGs on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) in UK Biobank (n = 321,047) by using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and then replicated this investigation in the SpiroMeta Consortium (n = 79,055). Second, we used two-step MR to investigate whether DNA methylation mediates the effect of smoking on FEV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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