Manipulation of cross-linking in PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for biointerfacing.

Conducting hydrogels can be used to fabricate bioelectronic devices that are soft for improved cell- and tissue-interfacing. Those based on conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), can be made simply with solution-based processing techniques, yet the influence of fabrication variables on final gel properties is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated if PEDOT:PSS cross-linking could be manipulated by changing the concentration of a gelling agent, ionic liquid, in the hydrogel precursor mixture.

Longitudinal morphological and functional characterization of human heart organoids using optical coherence tomography.

Organoids play an increasingly important role as in vitro models for studying organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. Organoids are self-organizing, organ-like three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures developing organ-specific cell types and functions. Recently, three groups independently developed self-assembling human heart organoids (hHOs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).